this paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing almond late flowering cultivars (alfc) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in sahand horticultural research station (shrs), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. alfc make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus...

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The growing use of computers in all walks of life has inevitably raised the question of the efficiency of e-learning in higher education. Technology has entered university teaching in a variety of ways including content delivery, resources for additional reading, student interaction and learning assessment. It is evident that e-learning offers significantly increased flexibility to the student ...

Location and types of sensors may be integrated for simultaneous achievement of water security goals and other water utility objectives, such as regulatory monitoring requirements. Complying with the recent recommendations on dual benefits of sensors, this study addresses the optimal location of these types of sensors in a multipurpose approach. The study presents two mathematical models for ...

The next-generation commercial airplane models have networking facilities that enable onboard systems to communicate between themselves as well as with offboard systems. This new feature allows network applications to realize many benefits for airplane manufacturing, operations and maintenance processes. However, at the same time vulnerabilities are introduced that can threaten the onboard syst...

[Abstract] The numerous benefits of enabling commercial airplanes to communicate over networks are only obtained at the price of introducing security threats to onboard systems. A primary threat arises from the opportunity for corruption of safety-critical and business-critical airplane loadable software distributed via networks from off-board systems. The FAA recognizes that the unprecedented ...