Forced precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4 . 6H2O) can reduce dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in swine manure slurries. Optimization of this process requires that the swine manure slurry pH be increased, that magnesium be added, and that sufficient reaction time be allowed for struvite precipitation. To gather data that could be used for a full-scale continuous-flow struvite precipitation r...

In this study, we examined a scale-up to production of nickel perovskite catalyst, used in the conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas, using the sol-gel method in the laboratory and a bench-scale reactor. The required volume of solvent and catalyst activity in the methane-reforming reaction was determined from the optimum catalyst production conditions at the laboratory scale. This informat...

Phosphorus was added as a nutrient to bench-scale and pilot-scale biologically active carbon (BAC) reactors operated for perchlorate and nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater. The two bioreactors responded similarly to phosphorus addition in terms of microbial community function (i.e., reactor performance), while drastically different responses in microbial community structure were dete...

A method for scale up of UV/AOP reactors is outlined that uses bench scale testing to determine the UV dose required per log destruction (DL) of a particular contaminant. This can then be used in CFD Modeling to size a full-scale UV reactor and to test the reactor in performance trials. Methods for calculating dose based on the path length distribution in a UV reactor are given.

Carbonation of magnesiumand calcium-silicate minerals to form their respective carbonates is one method to sequester carbon dioxide. Process development studies have identified reactor design as a key component affecting both the capital and operating costs of ex-situ mineral sequestration. Results from mineral carbonation studies conducted in a batch autoclave were utilized to design and const...

An integral reactor design methodology was developed to address the optimal design of photocatalytic wall reactors to be used in air pollution control. For a target pollutant to be eliminated from an air stream, the proposed methodology is initiated with a mechanistic derived reaction rate. The determination of intrinsic kinetic parameters is associated with the use of a simple geometry laborat...

this research was conducted in continuous flow bench scale fixed activated sludge (fas) and anaerobic filter (af). the main objective of the research was to study the feasibility and efficiency of the mentioned systems for cr (vi) removal. in fas reactor, cr (vi) was adsorbed from influent to mlss in the range of 89 to 99 percent and the adsorption followed freundlich isotherm. in af reactor, c...

The traditional experimental method for new materials radiation resistance investigation is a reactor irradiation. However, there are some difficulties during steel exposure in reactor. Simulationmethod based on ion irradiation allows accelerating the defect generation in the material under investigation. Also a modification of materials by ion beams represents the great practical interest for ...

The ability to efficiently and comprehensively evaluate synthetic routes at their earliest stage of development is especially important in pharmaceutical process research and development and chemical engineering laboratories [1 and 2]. The evaluation and optimization of typically complex synthetic sequences (involving many reaction parameters) frequently entails bench-scale experimentation of a...

Forced precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4*6H2O) has been demonstrated to be an effective method to reduce dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) from swine manure. The development of a robust and flexible continuous flow struvite precipitation reactor is essential to the application of this method to modern livestock operations. Swine manure generally requires pH adjustment, magnesium amendment a...