53 The microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has become the mainstay of non-chemical control of 54 Lepidopteran pests, either as sprays or through the incorporation of Bt toxins into transgenic crops. Given 55 the wide use of Bt, it is striking that currently only one pest species, Plutella xylostella, has been reported 56 to have developed significant resistance to Bt outside the...

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely used to control agricultural and forestry pests, though there are only a few available complete genome sequences of the Bt reference strain. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of B. thuringiensis serovar rongseni reference strain SCG04-02, which is toxic to Plutella xylostella.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive soil bacterium that belongs to the phylum Firmicutes and genus Bacillus. It spore-forming bacterium. During sporulation, it produces wide range of crystalline proteins are toxic different orders insects. Sporulation, structure assembly, germination essential stages in cell cycle B. thuringiensis. The majority studies on these issues hav...

The Bacillus cereus group contains vertebrate pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus and the invertebrate pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. Microbial biopesticides based on B. thuringiensis (Bt) are widely recognized as being among the safest and least environmentally damaging insecticidal products available. Nevertheless, a recent food poisoning incident prompted a European Fo...

Bacillus thuringiensis is one of the most widely used sources of biorational pesticides, as well as a key source of genes for transgenic expression to provide pest resistance in plants. In this study the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. galleriae (Bt) infection on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), concentrations of oxidated and red...

Despite the prominent and worldwide use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxins in agriculture, knowledge of the mechanism by which they kill pests remains incomplete. Here we report genetic mapping of a membrane transporter (ABCC2) to a locus controlling Bt Cry1Ac toxin resistance in two lepidopterans, implying that this protein plays a critical role in Bt function.

The opinions expressed in this report are those solely of the colloquium participants. are equally amenable to use in large or small scale farming operations and compatible with other agricultural practices and technologies. Concerns associated with the use of Bt include potential for harm to non-target organisms, development of resistance in populations of target insects, and, for engineered c...

The screening of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins with high potential to control insect pests has been the goal of numerous research groups. In this study, we evaluated six monogenic Bt strains (Bt dendrolimus HD-37, Bt kurstaki HD-1, Bt kurstaki HD-73, Bt thuringiensis 4412, Bt kurstaki NRD-12 and Bt entomocidus 60.5, which codify the cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ba, cry1C, cry2A genes ...