This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the dependence for benzodiazepine or their agonist (BZDs) hypnotics, as well as factors associated with this dependence among Japanese psychiatric outpatients. One thousand and forty-three patients in the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Tokyo Medical University Hospital receiving treatment with BZDs hypnotics were analyzed. The subjects answere...

A total of 588 blood specimens collected in an emergency unit were screened for benzodiazepines (BZDs) using enzyme-multiplied immunoassay and gas chromatography. Two-hundred eighty-five samples were positive for BZDs, and 303 samples that were negative by EMIT included 20 samples with BZDs detectable by gas-liquid chromatography. A total of 15 BZDs were identified, and the most frequently occu...

Several structural subclasses of ligands bind to the benzodiazepine (BZD) binding site of the GABA(A) receptor. Previous studies from this laboratory have suggested that imidazobenzodiazepines (i-BZDs, e.g., Ro 15-1788) require domains in the BZD binding site for high-affinity binding that are distinct from the requirements of classic BZDs (e.g., flunitrazepam). Here, we used systematic mutagen...

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are the preferred pharmacological agents for treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal. Treatment with BZDs can be administered on an out-patient basis for subjects experiencing mild to moderate withdrawal and on an in-patient basis for the most severe forms of withdrawal. The efficacy of BZDs for long-term treatment of alcoholism has been more controversial. Controlled studi...

OBJECTIVE Although benzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly used in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), no systematic review or meta-analysis has specifically examined this treatment. The goal of this study was to analyze and summarize evidence concerning the efficacy of BZDs in treating PTSD. METHODS The review protocol was undertaken according to the principles recommended by ...

The carcinogenicity of benzodiazepines (BZDs) is still unclear. We aimed to assess whether long-term benzodiazepines use is risk for cancer.We conducted a longitudinal population-based case-control study by using 12 years from Taiwan National Health Insurance database and investigated the association between BZDs use and cancer risk of people aged over 20 years. During the study period, 42,500 ...

Benzofused seven-membered heterocycles such as 1,4-benzo[e]diazepines (1,4-BZDs) and 1,4-benzo[e]oxazepines (1,4-BZOs) were efficiently synthesized by Rh-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of internal alkynes allenes in good to excellent yields. The asymmetric hydroamination (aminomethyl)anilines gave rise 3-vinyl-1,4-BZDs with enantioselectivities. Orthogonal N-deprotection 1,4-BZDs allowed an e...

BACKGROUND Prescription and use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines are common in the general population. Prescription of psychotropic drugs is a complex process: patient, physician and healthcare characteristics mediate, interact and influence it. The current study aimed to establish the prevalence and factors associated with the use of antidepressants (ADs) and benzodiazepines (BZDs) in Si...

A number of the benzodiazepines (BZDs) inhibit nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner in PC12 cell cultures. The rank order of potency of a series of BZDs for inhibition of neurite outgrowth does not correlate with the order of their affinity constants for the so-called peripheral BZD sites present on PC12 cells. Whereas the inhibition of neurite extensio...

Editorial T his month Canadian Family Physician presents the results of a survey of Belgian family physicians, which was designed to elicit their attitudes toward prescribing benzodiazepines (BZDs) and the barriers they perceived to nonpharmacologic methods as alternative ways to manage stress, anxiety, and insomnia (page e398). Anthierens and colleagues 1 remind us how widespread the use of BZ...