this paper deals with volume fraction optimization of functionally graded (fg) beams resting on elastic foundation for maximizing the first natural frequency. the two-constituent functionally graded beam consists of ceramic and metal. these constituents are graded through the thickness of beam according to a generalized power-law distribution. one of the advantages of using generalized power- l...

In this study, the slope deflection method was presented for structures made of small-scaled axially functionally graded beams with a variable cross section within scope nonlocal elasticity theory. The small-scale effect between individual atoms cannot be neglected when are small in size. Therefore, theory is used throughout. stiffness coefficients and fixed-end moments calculated using initial...

the current study presents a new analytical method for buckling analysis of rectangular and annular beams made up of functionally graded materials with constant thickness and poisson’s ratio. the boundary conditions of the beam are assumed to be simply supported and clamped. the stability equations were obtained by using conservation of energy. the critical buckling load and first mode shape we...