walking being the oldest form of urban transport, and until the advent of major transformationsin transport technology in the nineteenth century, most cities were structured in ways that supported walkability.today, there is a change in transportation which emphasizes, the traditional pedestrian paths which are increasinglybecoming non-regulated spaces when compared to the urban spaces for auto...

Walking being the oldest form of urban transport, and until the advent of major transformationsin transport technology in the nineteenth century, most cities were structured in ways that supported walkability.Today, there is a change in transportation which emphasizes, the traditional pedestrian paths which are increasinglybecoming non-regulated spaces when compared to the urban spaces for auto...

Planners and urban designers are increasingly concerned with the question of how aHernative forms of development affect travel patterns and with the more specific question of how development might be shaped so as to reduce automobile dependence. The nature of suburban development is seen as a cause of automobile dependence and so a change in the nature of suburban development is seen as a possi...

This article provides a personal reflection 30 years after we created the concept of automobile dependence. The paper entitled “Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Comparison US Cities with Global Survey Its Implications” an associated book “Cities Automobile Dependence” stirred up transport planning, especially in US. We examine criticisms, this evoked at time within perspective what has happen...

This paper explores how the automobile has indirectly led to dramatic changes in patterns of accessibility to retail and service activity within metropolitan regions. The automobile instigated a greater articulation of the hierarchy of transportation facilities, as reflected in a greater differentiation between the local and the regional systems. At the same time, the automobile instigated a co...

Germany and the U.S. have among the highest motorization rates in the world. Yet Americans make a 40% higher share of their trips by car and annually drive twice as many kilometers per capita as Germans. Automobile use is linked to unsustainable trends such as climate change, oil dependence, traffic fatalities, congestion, and obesity. International differences in car use can be attributed to s...

We love to talk about the unintended consequences of others’ technological innovations. document air pollution and traffic congestion accompanying automobile dependence, surrender personal privacy in order gain online convenience, political violence abetted by social media algorithms optimized generate advertising revenue.

This paper generalizes Poisson-Multifractal for correlated time series of count data. We show that the model has useful properties; it captures long-term time dependence and exible dependence between types of count. Based on real data, the correlated multifractal model is used to model the number of claims of two separate coverages in automobile insurance. Smoothed values of the underlying proc...

Octane-enhancing constituents of gasoline pose a number of health hazards. This paper considers the relative risks of metallic (lead, manganese), aromatic (e.g., benzene), and oxygenated additives in both industrialized and developing countries. Technological advances, particularly in industrialized countries, have allowed the progressive removal of lead from gasoline and the increased control ...