In recent decades, many dams have been built or are under construction. Due to the high demand for water and soil erosion, increasing the need for dam construction in different regions are quite tangible. In 1900 the number of large dams, did not exceed 50. But in the 1950s to 1986 the number of large dams (over 15 meters), more than 39,000 were counted. The 70s dams has been increasing develop...

In the application of multiple Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) plates onto a structural steel member, stepping of the CFRP plate ends is often adopted to prevent debonding. This approach requires the nonuniform extension of CFRP plate lengths. In this study, to shorten the length of CFRP plates, a nonuniform overlapping arrangement of several CFRP plate ends was proposed and the theoreti...

This research focuses on the need for preserving fruits in rural areas to prevent waste. The solar drier is made of vital chambers i.e. the concentrator chamber (that harvests the solar irradiance), the transport pipe (that transports the heat generated by convection) and hanger chamber (where the fruits are placed). The temperature within the concentrator chamber and hanger chamber was monitor...

in this paper, free convection in an inclined stepped chamber has been studied. one wall of this enclosure is kept cold and the opposite wall equipped with constant heat source. the remaining walls are maintained adiabatic. there is one adiabatic step on the bottom wall. the aim of the present study is to forecast the effect of raleigh number, slope of enclosure, step dimension, and heat source...

We investigate the effect of stepped edge corrugations on the front-to-back ratio (F/B ratio) improvement for the antipodal DETSA. Three types of corrugation configurations with different combinations of slit length are investigated. The results revealed that the improvement in F/B ratio is directly related to the arrangement in corrugation configurations.

In this work we present the mathematical model and simulations of a particular wave energy converter, so-called oscillating water column. device, waves governed by one-dimensional nonlinear shallow equations arrive from offshore, encounter step in bottom then into chamber to change volume air activate turbine. The system is reformulated as two transmission problems: one related motion over step...

Foraminifera are single-celled organisms with internal calcerous shells, known as tests. The image above shows a shell with a planispiral chamber arrangement — during growth, chambers are added sequentially to form a coil in a flat spiral. Foraminiferan tests are quite diverse. The image shown here came from a study on the nature of the material in the calcerous test and how the foraminifera de...