defining space by dividing it to inside and outside is one of human’s ways to recognize his positionin environment. architecture is created to response to this need for inside/outside spaces. design of inside and outsidespaces and relation between them always has been one of necessities for definition and limitation of human livingspaces, but little attention to relation of this two spatial rea...

Defining space by dividing it to inside and outside is one of human’s ways to recognize his positionin environment. Architecture is created to response to this need for inside/outside spaces. Design of inside and outsideSpaces and relation between them always has been one of necessities for definition and limitation of human livingspaces, but little attention to relation of this two spatial rea...

it is conventional to say that islamic built environment is introversive. in urban and architectural studies, this term is made equal to a formal organization of voids and solids in which voids are surrounded by an impermeable mass, and then some theoretical reasoning is attached to this formal system. here we are dealing with the issue in an alternative way; instead of finding interpretations ...

islamic societies have a deep sense of personal privacy and solitude, which is reflected in their traditional architecture, so that the houses, within the inner face are so that the houses, within the inner face are latency the hijab and muslim homes, the division of space within and outside the cities is one of the most attractive features of islamic cities introverts of the city's archit...

The increasing automation of laboratory equipment has had far-reaching impacts on the organizational structure and spatial requirements of clinical laboratories. This report explores the changing role of the laboratory in the healthcare environment and shows the architectural impact of these changes, both inside and outside of the laboratory space.