maraghe observatory was built by such engineers as moayiededdin orozi etc. under supervision of khaje nasireddin tousi in 7th century ah. the most significant feature associated with maraghe observatory is the fact that architecture is employed to achieve astronomical purposes in this site. the reason for preferring observatory by astronomers was the fact that these units are superior to wooden...

Behavior, adaptation and response are considered of the characteristics living organisms, for architecture it is a structural, physical functional construction. To achieve change in built environment not easy, as challenge comes from manner we build hierarchical nature design process. As such general problem research (the whole lack knowledge effect smart materials adaptive space within buildin...