Antifungals have always been considered as one of the astonishing discoveries of the 20th century. This is correct, but the real marvel is the development of antifungal resistance in hospitals, communities, and the environment concomitant with their use. Fungal infections have emerged as an important clinical threat, with significant associated morbidity and mortality.  This study is desig...

BACKGROUND Antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agents that target cellular metabolism are widely used in the clinic and are thought to exert their anti-cancer effects mainly through non-specific cytotoxic effects. However, patients vary dramatically with respect to treatment outcome, and the sources of heterogeneity remain largely unknown. METHODS Here, we introduce a computational method for ide...

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification and the implantation of intraocular lenses (IOL) combined with trabeculectomy supplemented by releasable sutures and antimetabolite agents. Methods:Phacotrabeculectomy was performed in 36 eyes of 30 patients who hadmedically uncontrolle...

Malignant tumors are potential killers of human life, seriously endangering people’s physical health. As far as the treatment malignant is concerned, there exist many therapeutic methods such surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, among which chemotherapy an important means antitumor therapy. Chemotherapy antineoplastic agents can be divided into alkylating agents, metalloplatinum, plant drugs, a...

The molecular formula of a new antimetabolite produced by Streptomyces purpurascens was determined to be C5H5N5O2 by elemental analysis, FD-MS and 13C NMR. Reduction of this antimetabolite with Raney nickel yielded guanine. The antimetabolite was distinguishable from known N-hydroxyguanines by comparison of their UV spectra. The structure of the antimetabolite was finally established to be 7-hy...

A better understanding of the biology and biochemistry of the cancer cell has led to the development of various promising new antineoplastic compounds that are now undergoing phase I, II, and III clinical testing. These drugs include topoisomerase I inhibitors, such as camptothecin and its analogs 9-aminocamptothecin, irinotecan, and topotecan; the paclitaxel analog docetaxel; gemcitabine, an a...

One of the major problems of antimetabolite studies is the evaluation of the rale of “secondary reversing agents” (1). In a system in which there exists a competitive relationship between a metabolite and its antimetabolite, the effect of a secondary reversing agent is to increase the ratio of antimetabolite to metabolite required to produce a given inhibition; the secondary reversing agent can...

Although the phenomenon of acquired resistance has come to play a major role in studies of mechanism of ac tion and in the design of new chemotherapeutic agents, the development of knowledge about collateral sensitivity has received far less attention. Yet this feature of the complex changes which accompany conversion to drug resistance is potentially of importance to chemotherapy, as well as t...

-The effects of various cytotoxic chemicals, as measured by viable cell counts, colony-forming ability and proliferative capacity, have been studied using Chinese hamster cells in exponential and plateau (stationary) phases of growth. The proliferating cells were altogether more sensitive to the action of the drugs than nonproliferating cells. However, imuran (azathioprine) a purine antimetabol...