the kinetics and mechanisms of the substitution reactions of trans-[co(en)2cncl]+ with unidentate anions,  , cn¯, i¯,  , br¯ and scn¯ in 60% v/v dmf-h2o binary solvent at 40.0±0.2 °c were studied spectrophotometrically. an id mechanism was assigned for the replacement of chlorine by , cn¯ and i¯, an ia one for the entry of  and scn¯, and a d mechanism for br¯ entry. comparing the interchange ra...

Given a chromosome represented by a permutation of genes, a block-interchanges is proposed as a generalized transposition that affects a chromosome by swapping two nonintersecting segments of genes. The problem of sorting by block-interchanges is to find a minimum series of block-interchanges for transforming one chromosome into another. In this paper, we present an O(n+ δ log n) time algorithm...

The question of whether interchanges of spatially neighboring residues are coupled, or whether they change independently of each other, has been addressed repeatedly over the last few years. Utilizing a residue order-independent structural comparison tool, we investigated interchanges of spatially adjacent residue pairs in conserved 3D environments in globally dissimilar protein structures. We ...

An efficient freeway system will be essential to the development of Africa, and interchanges are a key to that efficiency. Around the world, many interchanges between freeways and surface streets, called service interchanges, are of the diamond configuration, and interchanges using roundabouts or loop ramps are also popular. However, many diamond interchanges have serious operational problems, ...