BACKGROUND Using flame photometry technique in the 1970s, the normal value of anion gap (AG) was determined to be 12 ± 4 meq/L. However, with introduction of the autoanalyzers using an ion-selective electrode (ISE), the anion gap value has fallen to lower levels. METHODS A retrospective study of US veterans from a single medical center was performed to determine the value of the anion gap in ...

BACKGROUND It is believed that hypoalbuminaemia confounds interpretation of the anion gap (AG) unless corrected for serum albumin in critically ill children with shock. AIM To compare the ability of the AG and the albumin corrected anion gap (CAG) to detect the presence of occult tissue anions. METHODS Prospective observational study in children with shock in a 22 bed multidisciplinary paed...

BACKGROUND Acid-base abnormalities in neonatal diarrheic calves can be assessed by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation or the simplified strong ion approach which use the anion gap (AG) or the strong ion gap (SIG) to quantify the concentration of unmeasured strong anions such as D-lactate. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the clinical utility of AG and SIG in quantifying th...

INTRODUCTION There has been an increase in patients having serum lactate drawn in emergency situations. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not it was necessary to obtain a lactate level in patients with a normal serum bicarbonate level and anion gap. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review evaluation of 304 patients who had serum lactate and electrolytes measured in ...

Useful parameters that can predict return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) have not been established. We previously reported the usefulness of anion gap (AG) and albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) calculated from a blood sample obtained on arrival at the hospital for the prediction of ROSC. Otherwise, it has been reported that strong ion gap (SIG),...

PURPOSE The reliable parameter, which can be obtained easily and quickly, is necessary to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) of patients with cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in the emergency situation. In this study, we evaluated the significance of albumin corrected anion gap (ACAG) for the prediction of ROSC in patients with CPA. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 166 patients with CPA ...

BACKGROUND Base deficit (BD), anion gap (AG), and albumin corrected anion gap (ACAG) are used by clinicians to assess the presence or absence of hyperlactatemia (HL). We set out to determine if these tools can diagnose the presence of HL using cotemporaneous samples. METHODS We conducted a chart review of ICU patients who had cotemporaneous arterial blood gas, serum chemistry, serum albumin (...

Although a normal or increased anion gap (AG) is commonly used to help assess acid-base balance, decreased AG has aided in the diagnosis of halo­ gen ingestion and myeloma. Substantially increased levels of IgG cause a decrease in the AG. Patients with polyclonal increases in immunoglobu­ lins, especially hepatic cirrhosis, also exhibit decreased anion gaps. Patients with human immunodeficiency...

High-dose continuous midazolam therapy has been used successfully for control of refractory status epilepticus. However, normal anion gap (AG) metabolic acidosis, a deleterious complication of this therapy is underrecognized. Even though previously reported in an isolated case report in a pediatric patient, we observed similar complication in an adult patient. Stereotyped normal AG metabolic ac...