transgenic (tg) mice are very important models of disease, and have been introduced to biological studies since 1982. they are used for understanding the pathobiology of different diseases, finding targets for pharmacological manipulations, and for the evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of medicines in preclinical studies. many different types of tg mice are available as models for human disea...

growing usage of animals in the research projects has drawn more attention to their welfare and ethics surrounding this practice. dissemination of information about the existing ethical consideration and alternatives in animal experiments has two important functions; first, it increases the researcher's awareness of the possible methods of using animals in the experiment, and second, to ensure ...

background: heavy metals contaminated environment constitutes a serious problem for human and other organisms. moreover, metals such as cd, pb, and cr are toxic metals. therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluation of cd, pb, and cr in the muscle of cow, calf, and sheep slaughtered in sanandaj city from iran. methods: this was a descriptive cross-sectional study in sanandaj city in nov...

hydatidosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases that cause considerable economic losses and public health problems worldwide. the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of e. granulosus in domestic and wild carnivores and the infection rate of hydatid cyst in slaughtered animals and people in kashan area, central iran. a total of 142 carnivores including 70 stray dogs, 40 jac...

This section introduces important animals that are not regarded as causing fairy circles. It is rather assumed they take advantage of resources and structures provided by Some them directly use the Sand termites a food resource (e.g. Aardvark), others occupy various positions within webs at circles Seothyra spiders feeding on Tetramorium ants which forage Psammotermes). Others seem to simply ma...

lorestan and other part of iran are one of the important endemic focuses for the major zoonotic parasitic diseases like cystic hydatid disease where several species of intermediate host are commonly infected with echinococcus granulosus . meat inspection records in a slaughtered house were used to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis in sheep, cattle, and goats in lorestan province (aleshtar...

conclusions this study indicated a high percentage of cysts bacterial infections in two provinces of iran. the common isolated bacteria were e. coli and klebsiella. the isolated bacteria degenerated the protoscoleces during short-time incubation, in vitro. results infected cysts were found in 74% of animals in hamedan (46% were calcified and the bacteria was isolated from 52%) and 62% in boruje...