A mathematical model is developed and tested with plant data for the ammonia cold shot converter of Razi Petrochemical Complex. The model is based on a material and energy balance in a differential element of beds and is subjected to the assumptions of uniform distribution of temperature and composition through a general cross section and negligible mass and heat transfer in axial direction. Th...

Through dedication and intelligent research, Haldor Topsøe’s name has become synonymous with efficient and profitable ammonia production and has set the standard for ammonia catalysts and technology. We build upon this legacy with the introduction of an ammonia synthesis catalyst that delivers the highest performance ever – KM 111. KM 111 is a magnetite-based catalyst developed for optimal perf...

<p>An ammonia converter is a catalyzed reactor that facilitates the synthesis of NH<sub>3</sub> (ammonia) from hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>). Several studies have shown performance this significantly influences operational efficiency productivity plants. Therefore, study aims to evaluate an by assessing effect operating condition...

The equilibrium chemical reactions taken place in a converter reactor of the Khorasan Petrochemical Ammonia plant was studied using the minimization of Gibbs free energy method. In the minimization of the Gibbs free energy function the Davidon– Fletcher–Powell (DFP) optimization procedure using the penalty terms in the well-defined objective function was used. It should be noted that in the DFP...

A computer controlled pH meter was developed using simple op-amp circuits. Analog to digital converter (ADC) card was used to acquire the output potential from the op-amp. S9ftware based signal averaging helped in reduction of electrical noise. The instrument was calibrated against pH and ammonia selective electrodes where it followed Nemstian behaviour and was l\Sed in the development of a sim...

The aim of this paper is the steady state and dynamic simulations of the ammonia unit of Shiraz petrochemical complex and system behavior study versus the feed flow rate change for producing a good quality product. The ammonia unit consists of the reformer units, shift converter units, carbon dioxide absorption unit, methanation unit, and ammonia synthesis unit. For this purpose, in the first s...

This work studies the feasibility of a pioneer technology for on-board hydrogen production: Ammonia Cracking Hollow Fibre Converter. The catalytic activity series ruthenium-based catalysts supported on carbon xerogel, during ammonia cracking reaction, was studied in packed bed reactor. To improve their physical-chemical properties, xerogels were activated either dioxide or atmosphere. most acti...

An instrument to detect gaseous amines and ammonia is described, and representative data from an urban site and a laboratory setting are presented. The instrument, an Ambient pressure Proton transfer Mass Spectrometer (AmPMS), consists of a chemical ionization and drift region at atmospheric pressure coupled to a standard quadrupole mass spectrometer. Calibrations show that AmPMS sensitivity is...

A rapid, senstive method for NO2 analysis utilizing the chemiluminescence reaction of NO and O3 is provided by the use of the Scott Model 125 Chemiluminescense NO/NOI, Analyzer. Measurement of NO2 in the air sample by reducing it to NO by passage tgrough a converter before it enters the reaction chamber. Thermal converter will also convert, partially or completly, NH3 (and other N-componds) dep...