Electrodeposited aluminum films and template-synthesized aluminum nanorods are examined as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The lithium-aluminum alloying reaction is observed electrochemically with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling in lithium half-cells. The electrodeposition reaction is shown to have high faradaic efficiency, and electrodeposited aluminum films reach t...

BACKGROUND Aluminum is considered to be a relatively safe metal for humans. However, there are some reports that aluminum can be toxic to humans and animals. In order to estimate the toxicity of aluminum with respect to humans, we measured the aluminum concentration in urine of aluminum-handling and non-handling workers and investigated the relationships between their urinary aluminum concentra...

The Aluminum Hypothesis, the idea that aluminum exposure is involved in the etiology of Alzheimer disease, dates back to a 1965 demonstration that aluminum causes neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of rabbits. Initially the focus of intensive research, the Aluminum Hypothesis has gradually been abandoned by most researchers. Yet, despite this current indifference, the Aluminum Hypothesis con...

Aluminum has been implicated in several neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease. Because the mammalian olfactory system has an unusual capacity for the uptake and transneuronal spread of inhaled substances such as aluminum, whole cell recording techniques were used to examine the actions of aluminum on basic membrane properties and amino acid receptors on rat olfactory bulb m...

Aluminum toxicity in patients with chronic renal failure has been related to renal osteodystrophy and dialysis encephalopathy (DES). The toxicity is associated with renal osteodystrophy in two ways. One association is the iatrogenic effect of excessive use of aluminum hydroxide gels resulting in hypophosphatemia which interferes with bone mineralization. The second association may involve depos...

Aluminum is a ubiquitous element that is released naturally into the environment via volcanic activity and the breakdown of rocks on the earth's surface. Exposure of the general population to aluminum occurs primarily through the consumption of food, antacids, and buffered analgesics. Exposure to aluminum in the general population can also occur through vaccination, since vaccines often contain...

This study evaluated the performance of aluminum-copper alloy filtration, without the original aluminum filter, for dental radiography in terms of x-ray energy spectrum, air kerma rate and image quality. Comparisons of various thicknesses of aluminum-copper alloy in three different percentages were made with aluminum filtration. Tests were conducted on an intra-oral dental x-ray machine and wer...

Removal of perchlorate using either acid-washed zero-valent aluminum or aluminum hydroxide was studied in batch reactors under ambient temperature and pressure. Approximately 90-95% of perchlorate was removed within 24h in the presence of 35 g L(-1) aluminum at acidic pH (4.5+/-0.2). Although aluminum is a strong reductant, this study indicated no explicit evidence to support perchlorate reduct...

The chemical forms (species) of aluminum in blood plasma and brain extracellular fluid are considered, as they are the candidates for brain aluminum uptake and efflux. The blood-brain barrier is the primary site of brain aluminum uptake. The mechanism of brain uptake of aluminum transferrin, long thought to be mediated by transferrin-receptor mediated endocytosis, requires further investigation...

24 Aluminum coagulants are widely used in water treatment plants to remove turbidity and 25 dissolved substances. However, because high aluminum concentrations in treated water are 26 associated with increased turbidity and because aluminum exerts undeniable human health 27 effects, its concentration should be controlled in water treatment plants, especially in plants 28 that use aluminum coagu...