opium poppy (papaver somniferum l.) has two major products: alkaloids in the capsules and the seeds. it is known that opium poppy today contains alkaloid in great quantities. opiate alkaloids and their synthetic derivatives are widely used in medicines which are produced in hundreds of tons for the medicine industry. the study aimed to screen the capsules of six turkish opium poppy lines to eva...

hydroalcoholic extract of pycnocycla spinosa was shown to have spasmolytic action in vitro and antidiarrhoeal effect in vivo . the hydroalcoholic extract of p. spinosa is composed of alkaloid, flavonoid and saponin components. alkaloid fraction of p. spinosa contains the most active constituents. therefore, the aim of this research was to separate different fractions of alkaloid extract of p. s...

background & aim: papaver bracteatum lindl.  (papaverace) is an important pharmaceutical plant which contains isoqinoline alkaloids. isoqinoline alkaloids constitute one distinct group of secondary metabolites of the papaverace family. codeine and thebaine are important alkaloids of papaver bracteatum which use widely due to its medicinal properties. therefore it is necessary to determinati...

objective(s): evaluation of the sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides seed effects on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice and determination of the alkaloid composition of the seed total extract. materials and methods:the effects of the seed total extract, alkaloid fraction and major compound matrine on the mice morphine withdrawal syndrome were compared to saline and methadone.mice were mad...

Spatial heterogeneity in the strength or agents of selection can lead to geographic variation in ecologically important phenotypes. Many dendrobatid frogs sequester alkaloid toxins from their diets and often exhibit fixed mutations at NaV1.4, a voltage-gated sodium ion channel associated with alkaloid toxin resistance. Yet previous studies have noted an absence of resistance mutations in indivi...

Males of the moth Cosmosoma myrodora (Arctiidae) acquire pyrrolizidine alkaloid by feeding on the excrescent fluids of certain plants (for instance, Eupatorium capillifolium). They incorporate the alkaloid systemically and as a result are protected against spiders. The males have a pair of abdominal pouches, densely packed with fine cuticular filaments, which in alkaloid-fed males are alkaloid ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous measurements of conifer alkaloids have revealed significant variation attributable to many sources, environmental and genetic. The present study takes a complementary and intensive, common garden approach to examine genetic variation in Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa alkaloid production. Additionally, this study investigates the potential trade-off between seedling ...

Transcription factors of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) family play a central role in cell proliferation, determination, and differentiation. In plants, the regulatory functions of bHLHs in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis have been well established with regard to other interacting-proteins; i.e., MYB and WD40 repeat proteins. On the other hand, those in alkaloid biosynthesis are greatly limited...

background and objectives: many members of the amaryllidaceae are regarded as toxic. the toxic constituents that occur in the whole family are referred to as the amaryllidaceae alkaloids. the main aim of this study was the identification of alkaloid compounds from galanthus transcaucasicus fomin, a medicinal plant from amaryllidaceae. methods: planar and column chromatography techniques were us...

Addition of biotin to culture medium NL-406 significantly increased alkaloid yield during submerged cultivation of Claviceps sp. strain SD-58. Alkaloid yield was further enhanced by incorporating leucine in biotin-supplemented culture medium. Increased alkaloid production was associated with an increase in the lipid content of cells and in the number of chlamydospores. Biotin deficiency caused ...