Purpose The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the effectiveness pictorial warning labels that leverage risk obesity as a deterrent against alcohol abuse. It evaluates impact three different kinds can potentially discourage alcoholic drinking: (1) claim, in text format, cautions consumers about product (i.e. responsibility statement); (2) textual label, text-format information on conten...

Minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws provide an example of how scientific research can support effective public policies. Between 1760 and 1765, 27 States lowered their MLDAs8 subsequently, scientists found that traffic crashes increased significantly among teenagers. Alcohol use among youth is related to many problems, including tr a f fic c r a sh e s , d r o wn i ng s , v a n d a l ism , a...

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are a health problem of high prevalence in most communities and such problems account for 5% of the total burden of disease worldwide. Clinical toxicologists are commonly required to treat patients having AUDs and associated drug/alcohol-related harm. There have been recent changes to some of the diagnostic criteria (notably in DSM V) relevant to AUDs, with older te...

CONTEXT Despite the growing number of homeless women of reproductive age, little is known about their reproductive health and contraceptive use. METHODS A representative sample of 974 currently homeless women surveyed in Los Angeles County in 1997 included 229 who were chronically homeless and at risk for unintended pregnancy. The relationships between perceived deterrents among these women a...

Decapod crustaceans such as blue crabs possess a variety of chemoreceptors that control different stages of the feeding process. All these chemoreceptors are putative targets for feeding deterrents that cause animals to avoid or reject otherwise palatable food. As a first step towards characterizing the chemoreceptors that mediate the effect of deterrents, we used a behavioral approach to inves...

This paper draws on situational crime prevention and social interactionist theories to develop a theoretical model for preventing aggression and injury in licensed drinking establishments. The model includes six components: (i) the presence of willing participants; (ii) the role of guardians, handlers and place managers; (iii) environmental deterrents of aggression; (iv) environmental precipita...

INTRODUCTION Alcoholic patients comprise a large proportion of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, data are limited on the impact of alcoholism on mortality after intensive care. METHODS We conducted a cohort study among 16,848 first-time ICU patients between 2001 and 2007 to examine 30-day and 3-year mortality among alcoholic patients. Alcoholic patients with and without compli...

Background: Excessive alcohol consumption by underage students is a serious and persistent problem facing most U.S. colleges and universities. Purpose: This qualitative study explores why underage students engage in high-risk drinking and examines motivational cues that may serve as behavioral deterrents. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with college students under the age of 21 years (N=59...

BACKGROUND For the shortage of high-quality general practitioners (GPs) in China's rural areas, Chinese government has taken steps to encourage rural specialists to participate in transition training for future GPs. Specialists' initial participation motivations and their perceived deterrents during training may play important roles for their learning engagement in the transition training. This...