The effects of therapy with glutamine and alanyl-glutamine on diarrhea and antiretroviral drug levels in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were examined in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in northeast Brazil. Patients with AIDS and with diarrhea and/or wasting were randomized into 4 groups to determine the efficacy of glutamine or high- or low-dose ...

A comparison of the effects of replacing L -glutamine with either glycyl-L-glutamine or alanyl-L-glutamine in a KSOM-type medium on the development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vitro has been made. Alanyl-L-glutamine has no significant effect on the rates of blastocyst formation, onset or completion of hatching, and on the numbers of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells that develop. ...

BACKGROUND Severe Clostridium difficile toxin-induced enteritis is characterized by exuberant intestinal tissue inflammation, epithelial disruption and diarrhea. Adenosine, through its action on the adenosine A2A receptor, prevents neutrophillic adhesion and oxidative burst and inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Alanyl-glutamine enhances intestinal mucosal repair and decreases apoptosis...

CONTEXT Glutamine is the main source of energy of the enterocyte and diarrhea and weight loss are frequent in HIV infected patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of alanyl-glutamine supplementation on intestinal permeability and absorption in these patients. METHODS Randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled study using isonitrogenous doses of alanyl-glutamine (24 g/day) and placebo...

Glutamine transport between tissues is important for the outcome of critically ill patients. Investigation of glutamine kinetics is, therefore, necessary to understand glutamine metabolism in these patients in order to improve future intervention studies. Endogenous glutamine production can be measured by continuous infusion of a glutamine tracer, which necessitates a minimum measurement time p...

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) injury affects other organs, like the liver. Glutamine may offer liver protection, following IIR injury. Four groups of rats were studied. In Group A, the animals were subjected to 90 minutes of IIR. In Group B Alanyl-Glutamine dipeptide was administered prior to IIR. Group C, was the sham, and in Group D, the animals were given Alanyl-Glutamine dipeptide, ...

A pathway from enteral L-glutamine as substrate for L-arginine synthesis is suggested by previous studies. L-Glutamine and L-glutamine dipeptides exhibit numerous beneficial effects in experimental and clinical studies. In trauma patients, enteral L-glutamine supply increased plasma L-arginine. The present study was designed to quantify the contribution of L-glutamine to the de novo L-citrullin...

The two tripeptide antibiotics L-2-amino-4-methylphosphinobutyryl-alanyl-alanyl-alanine (L-phosphinothricyl-alanyl-alanine) and L-(N5-phosphono)methionine-S-sulfoximinyl-alanyl-alanine, both inhibitors of the glutamine synthetase, are transported into the cell of Escherichia coli K 12 via the oligopeptide transport system. The uptake by this system is proved first of all by cross-resistance wit...

INTRODUCTION Glutamine rate of appearance (Ra) may be used as an estimate of endogenous glutamine production. Recently a technique employing a bolus injection of isotopically labeled glutamine was introduced, with the potential to allow for multiple assessments of the glutamine Ra over time in critically ill patients, who may not be as metabolically stable as healthy individuals. Here the techn...

BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury during liver transplantation can cause severe damage to the graft. The objective of this randomized, double-blind study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of L-alanyl-glutamine on the liver graft. METHODS The sample included 33 patients from a liver transplantation service in Northeastern Brazil. Before cold ischemia, the patients received 5...