a one–dimensional, transient and thermal degradation model for predicting responses of composite materials when are exposed to the fire is presented. the presented model simulates ablation of composites with different layers of materials and considers material properties as functions of temperature. the reactions are modeled by using arrhenius-type parameters and density-temperature diagrams wh...

Carbon-phenolic ablators are very efficient heat shields for atmospheric reentry vehicles: they able to protect a capsule from hyper thermal environments characterized by intense fluxes (>1 MW/m2) and high temperature (also exceeding 300°C). Ablative materials can be modified the addition of nano-fillers in order improve their performance: small amounts (in 2–5 wt%) enhance matrix material prop...

The mesostructure and composition of composite materials determine their mechanical, optical and thermal properties and, consequently, their response to incident radiation. We have developed general Finite Element models of porous composite materials under infrared radiation to examine the influence of pore size on one of the determining parameters of the stress distribution in the material: th...

Endobronchial ablative therapies are used to address a variety of malignant and benign airway lesions. By utilizing endobronchial ablative techniques patients with symptomatic airway lesions may receive significant symptom improvement, improved quality of life, and improved life expectancy. Endobronchial ablative therapies include laser, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation, cryotherapy, br...

BACKGROUND Fractionated ablative laser resurfacing has become a widely used treatment modality. Its clinical results are often found to approach those of traditional fully ablative laser resurfacing. OBJECTIVE To directly compare the molecular changes that result from fractionated and fully ablative carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser resurfacing in photodamaged human skin. METHODS AND MATERIALS P...

Fractional resurfacing may be used in the management of melasma, striae/stretch marks, acne scars, pearly penile papule, syringoma, burn scar, verrucous epidermal naevus and skin tightening. In 20-30% of the patients with melasma, fractional resurfacing may not be effective or may even cause an exacerbation. Treatment effects may also be temporary. When compared with traditional carbon dioxide ...

This is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. The reconstructive needs following ablative surgery for head and neck cancer are unique and require close attention to both form and function. The vast experience accrued with microvascular reconstructive surgery has meant a significant expansion in the options ...

Fractional resurfacing has become an increasingly popular treatment for photodamage. Non-ablative and ablative fractional resurfacing modalities both have a variety of different devices that may be utilized for treatments. Each modality has its own benefits and drawbacks. In this article, the authors offer preliminary observations from hands-on experience with several different ablative fractio...