This paper describes an approach for improving on-time performance at transit agencies. It takes advantage of the schedule adherence information from an AVL system. A methodology that can be used to update the bus timetables by using AVL schedule adherence data is described. Using statistical analysis, the main goal is to maximize the density area of the on-time performance range. From this dis...

AVL encompasses a variety of location and communication technologies. Archived AVL (or on-vehicle data recording) uses an onboard computer to record and store bus operation data and upload them to a data tank at a specific time (usually daily); real-time AVL (or offvehicle data recording) sends bus travel and operation data to a central computer in real time (usually at a frequency of 30 s to 5...

This paper develops and demonstrates a quality control framework for bus schedule reliability. Automatic vehicle location (AVL) devices provide necessary data; data envelopment analysis (DEA) yields a valid summary measure from partial reliability indicators; and panel data analysis provides statistical confidence boundaries for each route-direction’s DEA scores. If a route-direction’s most rec...

INTRODUCTION: The present note discusses some evidence on the increasing potential risk for American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission in the Northern Brazilian State of Amapá, the Guianan-Amazon biome. METHODS Early and present data about AVL were collected, including our recent entomological findings. RESULTS: The spread of the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, and a sylvati...

Automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger counting (APC) systems can generate a huge quantity and variety of operational, spatial, and temporal data. This potentially allows the discovery of new ways to enhance service quality and transport efficiency by utilizing AVL-APC inputs. There is currently no framework for implementing full service quality improvement cycles from automat...

In database cracking, a database is physically self-organized into cracked partitions with cracker indices boosting the access to these partitions. The AVL Tree is the data structure of choice to implement cracker indices. However, it is particularly cache-inefficient for range queries, because the nodes accessed only for a few times (i.e, “Cold Data”) and the most accessed ones (i.e, “Hot Data...

This work aims at assessing the maturational changes in the interdependence between the activities of different cortical areas in neonates during active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS). Eight electroencephalography (EEG) channels were recorded in 3 groups of neonates of increasing postmenstrual age. The average linear (AVL) and average nonlinear (AVN) interdependencies of each electrode region ...

Delayed recall of words in a verbal learning test is a sensitive measure for the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The relative validity of different retention intervals of delayed recall has not been well characterized. Using the Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Huashan version, we compared the differentiating value of short-term delayed re...

To measure pH in platelet concentrates, blood gas analysers with different calibration principles may be used. In this study, variances observed in pH measurements with two types of blood gas analysers were investigated. pH was measured in crystalloid solutions (platelet additive solution (PAS-II), phosphate-buffered solutions) and two types of platelet concentrates (containing 100% plasma, or ...

OBJECTIVES Limited data are available regarding the predictive value of electrocardiographic T wave inversion in lead aVL for mid-segment left anterior descending (MLAD) lesions among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). SETTING Retrospective single-centre study, using a prospectively-collected coronary angiography database from January 2012 to December 2013. PARTICIPANTS We include...