Schools have long been central to community-based alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) prevention programs. Schools are often the first resort when ATOD problems become obvious; policymakers, media, and citizens demand more comprehensive educational programs for students. These programs often focus on educating children when they are very young in the hope that they will learn to avoid the p...

PURPOSE Three fourths of public schools in the United States maintain instructional programs to discourage alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use. State-sanctioned instructional standards attempt to direct this ATOD preventive education. No existing research, however, systematically codes these standards across all grades and states. We performed such an analysis. METHODS We retrieved AT...

AIMS Concern about the effects of alcohol and drug use during pregnancy is intertwined with debates about abortion. There is concern that alcohol abstinence recommendations lead women using low levels of alcohol to terminate otherwise wanted pregnancies. This study examines how women describe alcohol, tobacco and/or drug use (ATOD) as reasons for deciding to have abortions and assesses the diff...

This study seeks to identify how rural adolescents make health decisions and utilize communication strategies to resist influence attempts in offers of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 113 adolescents from rural school districts to solicit information on ATOD norms, past ATOD experiences, and substance offer-response episodes. Rural youths...

The problems associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) extract a significant health, social, and economic toll on American society. While the field of substance abuse prevention has made great strides during the past decade, two major challenges remain. First, the field has been disorganized and fragmented with respect to its research and prevention practices; that is,...

Adolescent substance use is a major health issue in the United States. Adolescent substance use is associated with motor vehicle crashes,1 risky sexual behaviors,2 and the development of substance disorders during adulthood.3 National studies indicate that the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) among adolescents attending high school has declined considerably since the early 1990s....

Any discussion of the developmental outcomes and intervention needs of children whose parents abuse alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs (ATOD) must consider the development of the whole child in the context of prenatal and postnatal environments which are often filled with developmental risks. The discussions to date concerning the effects which maternal abuse of ATOD may have on the developme...

Rates of drinking and smoking increase among high school students as they age. Therefore, prevention programs that target youth either before or during junior high school may help prevent alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use during high school. Life skills training (LST) is a school-based approach designed to prevent ATOD use among youth by influencing their knowledge and attitudes about...

A Abstract. Objective: The authors explored the relationship between self-reported vigorous exercise frequency and alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use behaviors among first-year college students who self-identified as drinkers. Participants: The authors recruited 391 freshman college students in Northeast Florida to participate in an alcohol abuse prevention study. Methods: The authors ...

BACKGROUND To our knowledge, there is no valid and comprehensive questionnaire that considers attitude toward oocyte donation (OD). Therefore this study has aimed to design and develop a tool entitled attitude toward donation-oocyte (ATOD-O) to measure attitude toward OD. MATERIALS AND METHODS This methodological, qualitative research was undertaken on 15 infertile cases. In addition, we perf...