Megavoltage electron beams represent an important treatment modality in modern radiotherapy, often providing a unique option in the treatment of superficial tumours (less than 5 cm deep). Electrons have been used in radiotherapy since the early 1950s, first produced by betatrons and then by microtrons and linacs. Modern high energy linacs typically provide, in addition to two megavoltage photon...

background: in megavoltage radiotherapy rooms, ordinary concrete is usually used due to its low construction costs, although higher density concrete are sometimes used, as well. the use of high-density concrete decreases the required thickness of the concrete barrier hence, its disadvantage is its high cost. in a nuclear reactor, neutron radiation is the most difficult to shield. a method for p...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An analysis of the current radiotherapy status in Turkey was conducted to establish a comprehensive baseline. Turkey's future demand analysis in view of international benchmarks was conducted. Moreover, the ministerial plans are shared to present an example for making a comprehensive planning in developing countries. METHODS The data from all radiotherapy centers in Tur...

Ophthalmic Graves' disease and histiocytosis X involving the orbit are occasionally refractory to treatment, so that vision may be threatened. In these situations megavoltage external beam radiotherapy should be employed, and the indications for this treatment are discussed. A highly accurate technique is described, using precise planning with information obtained from high definition CT scans,...

Background: The in vitro studies show that the modern cardiac pacemakers utilising the complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor (CMOS) circuitry can be adversely affected by therapeutic radiation. However, the published clinical data are sparse regarding the safety of radiotherapy delivery to patients with artificial pacemakers. Despite the potential risk of life threatening complications, ther...

background: gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. objective: the aim of this study is to understand characteristics of secondary electrons generated from interaction of gold nanoparticles gnps with x-rays as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy and ...

background: biological shielding of nuclear reactors has always been a great concern and decreasing the complexity and expense of these installations is of great interest. in this study, we used datolite and galena (daga) minerals for production of a high performance heavy concrete. materials and methods: datolite and galena minerals which can be found in many parts of iran were used in the con...

BACKGROUND An analysis of radiotherapy infrastructure in Korea was performed in 2006 to collect data on treatment devices, the work force and new patients for future development plans. METHODS The survey included radiotherapy centers, their major equipment and personnel. The centers were categorized into four levels: level 0 (stand-alone teletherapy units); level 1 (teletherapy, brachytherapy...