The apelin receptor (APJ) belongs to family A of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for heart failure, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. There is evidence APJ heterodimerizes with other GPCRs; however, the existence of APJ homodimers and oligomers remains to be investigated. Here, we measured APJ monomer-homodimer-oligomer interc...

APJ is a recently described seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptor that is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). This suggests an important role for APJ in neural development and/or function, but neither its cellular distribution nor its function have been de®ned. APJ can also serve as a co-receptor with CD4 for fusion and infection by some strains of human immunode®ciency virus...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In human adults, and animals, the Apelin-APJ ligand-receptor system is emerging as having a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular function and heart failure. The aim was to investigate expression, and regulation by oxygen, of the Apelin APJ receptor (APJ) in myocardium obtained from children undergoing corrective surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass for repair of congeni...

The neuropeptide apelin is expressed in hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and mediates its effects via activation of the apelin receptor (APJ). Evidence suggests a role for apelin and APJ in mediating the neuroendocrine response to stress. To understand the physiological role of APJ in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we measured ACTH and corticoster...

Apelin peptide is an endogenous ligand of APJ (a putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor), which is a member of a G protein-coupled receptor superfamily with seven transmembrane domains. Recent findings have suggested that the apelin-APJ system plays a potential role in cardiac contraction and cardioprotection. In the present study, we show that the apelin-APJ sy...

Apelin is hypothesized to serve a dual function in pain processing. Spinal administration of apelin induces hyperalgesia, while opioid receptors are implicated in the antinociceptive effects of apelin in acute nociceptive models. However, whether the apelin‑apelin receptor (APJ) system is involved in neuropathic pain remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact and m...

Apelin is an endogenous peptide that is a ligand for the APJ receptor (angiotensin II receptor like-1, AT-1). The apelin/APJ system is distributed in diverse periphery organ tissues. It has been shown that the apelin/APJ system plays various roles in physiology and pathophysiology of many organs. It regulates cardiovascular development or cardiac disease, glycometabolism and fat metabolism as w...

Elabela/toddler is the second endogenous ligand recently identified after Apelin, that binds to G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Elabela a 54-amino acid peptide initially in fish and human genomes classified as noncoding. This precursor can be cleaved shorter sequences (32, 21, 11 amino acids), which bind activate APJ, blocked by APJ antagonists. Contrary Apelin widely distributed organs tissues...

Studies have shown significant cardiovascular effects of exogenous apelin administration, including the potent activation of cardiac contraction. However, the role of the endogenous apelin-APJ pathway is less clear. To study the loss of endogenous apelin-APJ signaling, we generated mice lacking either the ligand (apelin) or the receptor (APJ). Apelin-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and sho...

The G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ) binds the endogenous peptide apelin and has been shown to have roles in many physiological systems. Thus far, distribution studies have predominantly been conducted in the rat and there is limited knowledge of the cellular distribution of APJ in mouse or human tissues. As recent functional studies have been conducted in APJ knock-out mice (APJ KO), in...