Biochemical leaf photosynthesis models are evaluated by laboratory results andhave been widely used at field scale for quantification of plant production,biochemical cycles and land surface processes. It is a key issue to search forappropriate model structure and parameterization, which determine modeluncertainty. A leaf photosynthesis model that couples the Farquhar-vonCaemmerer-Berry (FvCB) f...

background: the relationships between adiponectin and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis (hd) patients remain highly controversial. meanwhile, the association between adiponectin and the peripheral artery disease (pad) has not been well studied in hd patients without diabetic mellitus. materials and methods: the ankle-brachial index was measured in hd patients. adiponectin levels in 105 hd patie...

Background: Major attention has been drawn to the prognostic value of plasma/serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children, but still no consensus has been reached. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of this biomarker in detection of acute kidney injury in children through a systematic review and me...

Background: Two questions about diagnostic value of urinary neutrophil gelatin associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children have remained unanswered; first, which cut-off point of uNGAL has the highest value in detection of AKI; and second when is the best time for measuring this biomarker in a patient? Accordingly, the present study aimed to conduct a syst...

background: major attention has been drawn to the prognostic value of plasma/serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal) in detection of acute kidney injury (aki) in children, but still no consensus has been reached. accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of this biomarker in detection of acute kidney injury in children through a systematic review and me...

introduction: application of chest radiography for all multiple trauma patients is associated with a significant increase in total costs, exposure to radiation, and overcrowding of the emergency department. ultrasound has been introduced as an alternative diagnostic tool in this regard. the aim of the present study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasonography and radiography i...

Although a firm’s use of shorter-term debt can potentially help it to reduce agency costs of debt and align managers’ interests with those of shareholders, the use of this type of debt increases the firm’s refinancing risk. We hypothesize that firms with debt that has a shorter maturity hold larger cash reserves to reduce important costs they could incur if they have difficulty refinancing thei...

Editor’s Note: Readers should be aware of the forum’s format. William G. Travis, Bruce A. Ware, D. A. Carson, and C. Ben Mitchell have been asked specific questions to which they have provided written responses. These writers are not responding to one another. The journal’s goal for the Forum is to provide significant thinkers’ views on topics of interest without requiring lengthy articles from...