Hot water dips (45 /60 8C for 2.5 /60 min) were evaluated as potential treatments to reduce sprout and root growth in peeled or unpeeled cloves in which sprouts had begun internal development but not yet emerged. Water dips at 5/50 8C did not reduce sprout and adventitious root growth in cloves stored at 10 8C and /95% RH, while treatments at 55 8C for 10 min were effective. Several dips at 60 ...

The efficacy of hot water, biological control and controlled atmospheres (CA), alone and in combinations, in controlling gray mold on harvested strawberry fruit was tested. All fruit were wound inoculated with Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. Inoculated fruit were subsequently dipped in hot water at 63 8C for 12 s, inoculated with a biological control yeast, Pichia guilliermondii Wickerham, and/or im...

The resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change depends on complex interactions among topography, water, soil, vegetation, and snow, which allow permafrost to persist at mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) as high as +2 8C and degrade at MAATs as low as –20 8C. To assess these interactions, we compiled existing data and tested effects of varying conditions on mean annual surfa...

White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei held in 25x seawater at 27 8C or 28 8C were injected with TSB-grown Vibrio alginolyticus at 1 10 colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp 1 or 1 10 cfu shrimp , and then cultivated onward at water temperatures varying from 20 to 34 8C. Over 24–144 h, mortality of V. alginolyticus-injected shrimp held at 34 8C or 32 8C was significantly higher than that of shrimp held ...

Starch acetates of degree of substitution 0.1–1.5 were prepared by heating corn starch, acetic acid and acetic anhydride in sealed, stirred, teflon vessels in a microwave reactor. Reaction efficiencies were typically O90% at reaction temperatures of 150–160 8C for 4–7 min. Starch acetates prepared by reaction at 160 8C to DS values of 0.4–0.9 wereO90% soluble in room temperature water. Acetylat...

An air-stable eight-coordinate (8C) Mn(II)N(8) complex has been synthesized utilizing an N(4) imidazole/imine ligand. The 8C dodecahedral geometry is structurally robust as the Mn complex is stable to air, NO(g), and potential coordinating anions. The structural, spectroscopic and water relaxivity properties of this complex are reported.

High thermal and hydro-thermal stable MCM-48 was synthesized by a mixed nonionic–cationic surfactant templating pathway. The sample retains its cubic structure when at 1000 8C for 2 h and when calcined in air with 100% water vapor at 600 8C for 2 h. # 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A series of temperature sensitive hydrogels was prepared by free-radical crosslinking copolymerization of N-t-butylacrylamide (TBA) and acrylamide in methanol. N,N0-methylenebis(acrylamide) was used as the crosslinker. It was shown that the swelling behavior of the hydrogels can be controlled by changing the amount of TBA units in the network chains. Hydrogels immersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMS...

The hypothesis that cold air temperatures (Ta) constrain the metabolic diversity of high-latitude endotherms is based on the observation among birds and mammals that mean field metabolic rate (FMR) increases, whereas the variability of FMR decreases, from the warm tropics to the cold poles. However, there is a paucity of FMR measurements from above 608 latitude and below 0 8C. We measured the d...

Spring planting is standard operational practice in the Central Hardwood Region, though little is known about potential impacts of low root temperature (RT) common during spring on establishment success of temperate deciduous forest tree species. The effects of low RT on growth, gas exchange, and root respiration following winter dormancy were studied in 1-year-old northern red oak (Quercus rub...