introduction: noradrenergic cells in lc participate in the process of cortical activation and behavioral arousal. the evidence suggests that locus ceoruleus (lc) plays an important role in the sleep-wake cycle. the aim of this study was stereological estimation of cavity caused by lesion and assessment of sleep stages after bilateral lesion of the lc. materials and methods: male wistar rats wei...

Abstract We study the mass spectra of D -wave excited tetraquark states with J^{PC}=1^{++} and 1^{+-} in both symmetric \mathbf{6}_{cs}\otimes\bar{\mathbf{6}}_{\bar{c}\bar{s}} antisymmetric \bar{\mathbf{3}}_{cs}\otimes\mathbf{3}_{\bar{c}\bar{s}} color configurations using QCD sum rule method. construct diquark-antidiquark type interpolating currents various excita...

6-Hydroxydopamine is a neurotoxin commonly used to lesion dopaminergic pathways and generate experimental models for Parkinson disease, however, the cellular mechanism of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration is not well defined. In this study we have explored how 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity is initiated. We have also investigated downstream signaling pathways activated in response to...

6-Hydroxydopamine is a neurotoxin commonly used to lesion dopaminergic pathways and generate experimental models for Parkinson disease, however, the cellular mechanism of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration is not well defined. In this study we have explored how 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity is initiated. We have also investigated downstream signaling pathways activated in response to...

Theaflavins, the oxidation products of tea polyphenols are important biologically active components of black tea. 6-hydroxydopamine is a pro-parkinsonian neurotoxin. Theaflavins could inhibit the auto-oxidation of 6-hydroxydopamine in a dose-dependent manner from 0.5 µg/ml to 25 µg/ml. Here we investigated the protective effect of theaflavins on 6-hydroxydopamine induced SH-SY5Y cells against a...

We consider mesoscopic thermal transport between two bulk dielectrics joined by a narrow wire or weak mechanical link. In the ‘‘tunneling’’ regime where the phonon transmission probability through the link is small and the thermal conductance is much less than pk BT=6_; the thermal current is determined by a product of the local vibrational spectral densities of the two bodies. We derive an exp...

1. Neither nerve-growth-factor antiserum (NGFAS) administered subcutaneously nor 6-hydroxydopamine administered intraventricularly to immature spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) inhibited the development of the hypertensive syndrome. In contrast, NGFSA did not affect blood pressure in normotensive Kyoto/Wistar rats. 2. Peripheral vascular resistance was increased and cardiac index decreased ...

background and objective: a huge amount of investigational evidence support a role for oxidative stress as an intermediary of nerve cell dysfunction in parkinson’s disease (pd). polyphenols such as carvacrol have been indicated to prevent neuronal deterioration caused by increased oxidative load, thus, this study evaluated whether carvacrol administration would attenuate behavioral abnormalitie...

Neurodegeneration is one of the primary etiologies in the onset of Parkinson's disease. In the quest for a new antiparkinsonism treatment the potential benefits of puerarin from the roots of Pueraria lobata have been recognized. Thus, we examined whether puerarin is capable to protect dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra against 6-hydroxydopamine induced neuronal cell death. Our data sh...

Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra are susceptible to toxin-based insults. Intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine results in selective toxicity to these neurons. A mechanistic role for reactive oxygen species is supported by observations that antioxidants confer protection from 6-hydroxydopamine. Although cell culture studies have suggested extracellular or nonmitochondrial mech...