From Farmers to Merchants: A Human Capital Interpretation of Jewish Economic History Since the Middle Ages the Jews have been engaged primarily in urban, skilled occupations, such as crafts, trade, finance, and medicine. This distinctive occupational selection occurred between the seventh and the ninth centuries in the Muslim Empire and then it spread to other locations. We argue that this tran...

BACKGROUND Recent work suggests that injuries can heal faster if treated by lasers emitting 670-nm red light. LED lights emitting 670-nm light are now available. This suggests that inexpensive and easy-to-use 670-nm LED lights might help accelerate cutaneous wound healing. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effect of 670-nm LED light on wound healing in SKH-1 hairless mice. METHODS...

INTRODUCTION To investigate the validity of using 670nm red light as a preventative treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity in two animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). MATERIALS AND METHODS During and post exposure to hyperoxia, C57BL/6J mice or Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 670 nm light for 3 minutes a day (9J/cm²). Whole mounted retinas were investigated for evidence of...

Action spectra of the Emerson effect in Chlorella and Navicula reveal peaks at 670 mut, in addition to those at 650 mu (Chlorella) and 630 mmicro (Navicula) attributable to chlorophylls b and c. Thus, excitation of chlorophyll a form "chlorophyll a 670" can supplement, in these algae, the excitation of the form "chlorophyll a 680-700." The effect of the auxiliary pigments in these algae may be ...

BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly studied animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies currently approved for the treatment of MS slow disease progression, but do not prevent it. A growing body of evidence suggests additional mecha...

3.4.5. Example 5: Volcanic Activity 658 3.4.6. Example 6: Soil Moisture 659 3.5. Discussion and Conclusions 659 4. Body Sensor Networks 661 4.1. Wearable Sensors 661 4.2. Functionalized Fabrics 662 4.2.1. Metal Fibers 662 4.2.2. Conductive Inks 662 4.2.3. Inherently Conducting Polymers 662 4.2.4. Optical Fibers 662 4.2.5. Coating with Nanoparticles 662 4.2.6. Integrated Components 663 4.2.7. We...