Neurobiological studies demonstrate the amygdala’s role in emotional memory, and psychological studies suggest a particular pattern: enhanced memory for the gist but not the details of complex stimuli. We hypothesized that these two findings are related. Whereas normal (n 5 52) and brain-damaged (n 5 22) controls showed the expected enhancement of gist memory when the encoding context was emoti...

Shape oen has a decisive inuence over the properties and applications of monodisperse nanoparticles. In addition, size is another important factor controlling the properties of the nanomaterials owing to various connement effects. Therefore, the synthesis of diverse, high-quality nanoparticles with tunable shapes and sizes has become a challenging issue and drawn considerable attention. Morp...

The firing pattern of entorhinal ‘grid cells’ is thought to provide an intrinsic metric for space. We report a strong experiencedependent environmental influence: the spatial scales of the grids (which are aligned and have fixed relative sizes within each animal) vary parametrically with changes to a familiar environment’s size and shape. Thus grid scale reflects an interaction between intrinsi...

A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying decision-making. Recent physiological studies suggest that neurons in association areas may be involved in this process. To test this, we measured the effects of electrical microstimulation in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) while monkeys performed a reaction-time motion discrimination task with a sac...

Drosophila melanogaster postfeeding larvae show food-averse migration toward food-free habitats before metamorphosis. This developmental switching from food attraction to aversion is regulated by a neuropeptide Y (NPY)-related brain signaling peptide. We used the fly larva model to delineate the neurobiological basis of age-restricted response to environmental stimuli. Here we provide evidence ...

Joint Center for Articial Photosynthes Pasadena, California 91125, USA. E-mail: g Joint Center for Articial Photosynthesis, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley N 94720, USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA † Electronic supplementary information additional electrochemical data, SEM electrolyzer data, compariso...

Neurons have been neglected as cells with a major immune-regulatory function because they do not express major histocompatibility complex class II. Our data show that neurons are highly immune regulatory, having a crucial role in governing T-cell response and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Neurons induce the proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells through B7-CD28 and transforming gr...

Statistical analysis such as experimental design, regression and multi-response analyses are powerful tools for the characterization and optimization of the pharmaceutical process by studying the effects of variables affecting them and their possible interactions. In this paper, these analyses were detailed presented during the development and optimization of a process for the extraction of fla...

In this study we demonstrate the ability of a novel, p.o.-administered cytosine analogue, CS-682, to effectively prolong survival and inhibit metastatic growth in an imageable orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. MIA-PaCa-2-RFP pancreatic cancer cells were transduced with the Discosoma red fluorescent protein (RFP) and orthotopically implanted onto the pancreas of nude mice. Tumor RFP f...