Prolactin (PRL) has numerous physiological functions that are mediated by its receptors in target cells. Expression of the rat PRL receptor (PRLR) gene is regulated in a tissue-specific manner via the transcriptional activation of five distinct first exons, i.e., E1(1), E1(2), E1(3), E1(4), and E1(5). In the present study, we investigated the expression profiles of these first exon variants of ...

The enveloped alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infects cells via a membrane fusion reaction mediated by the E1 membrane protein. Efficient SFV-membrane fusion requires the presence of cholesterol and sphingolipid in the target membrane. Here we report on two mutants, srf-4 and srf-5, selected for growth in cholesterol-depleted cells. Like the previously isolated srf-3 mutant (E1 proline 22...

The effect of the 5' non-translated region (5'NTR) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) morphogenesis in insect cells is investigated in this study. Expression in baculovirus-infected cells of a sequence encoding the C and E1 structural proteins under the control of the very late promoter P10 (AcSLP10-C-E1) led to the synthesis of C and C-E1 complexes, essentially found in dense reticular material associ...

Abstract Each Galileo satellite provides coherent navigation signals in four distinct frequency bands. International GNSS Service (IGS) analysis centers (ACs) typically determine products based on the E1/E5a dual-frequency measurements due to software limitation and limited tracking capability of other early time. The goal this contribution is evaluate quality determined by using different (E1/...

Adenoviruses are used extensively to deliver genes into mammalian cells, particularly where there is a requirement for high-level expression of transgene products in cultured cells, or for use as recombinant viral vaccines or in gene therapy. In spite of their usefulness, the construction of adenoviral vectors (AdV) is a cumbersome and lengthy process that is not readily amenable to the generat...

The metabolic activation of estrone (E1), a potent estrogen was investigated using recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes, 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C9R144C, 2E1, 3A4, 3A5 and liver microsomes from 14 human organ donors. At least five products of E1 were detected and quantitated by HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among these metabolites, 16alpha-OH-E1, 2-OH-E1 and 4-OH-E1, ...

Papillomaviruses are small double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate episomally in the nuclei of infected cells. The full-length E1 protein of papillomaviruses is required for the replication of viral DNA. The viral mRNA from which the human papillomavirus type 18 E1 protein is expressed is not known. We demonstrate that in eukaryotic cells, the E1 protein is expressed from polycistronic mRNA ...

Two possible isomers of some 1,3-diaryl-H-benzo[f]chromene have been studied using density functional theory. Structures of E1 and E2 isomers were optimized at the B3LYP and MP2 levels with different basis sets. The total electronic energies show that E2 isomer is about 3-5 kcal/mol more stable than E1 isomer and this energy difference is attributed to the planarity of heterocyclic ring and mor...

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH, EPHX1) is a critical xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme, catalyzing both detoxification and bioactivation reactions that direct the disposition of chemical epoxides, including the carcinogenic metabolites of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Recently, we discovered that a previously unrecognized and primate-specific EPHX1 transcript, termed E1-b, was actua...

two possible isomers of some 1,3-diaryl-h-benzo[f]chromene have been studied using density functional theory. structures of e1 and e2 isomers were optimized at the b3lyp and mp2 levels with different basis sets. the total electronic energies show that e2 isomer is about 3-5 kcal/mol more stable than e1 isomer and this energy difference is attributed to the planarity of heterocyclic ring and mor...