OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease is considered to be a bio?film infectious disease. The effects of macrolide and tetracycline on biofilm were examined in in vitro biofilm model made of periodontal disease-associated bacteria. METHODS Biofilms were made on salivary pellicle by adding Streptococcus gordonii for 2 days, followed by Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation for 2, 5, or 12 days. Biofilms...

abstract  in order to study f3´5´h and f3´h function and their intraction in the grapevine flavonoids biosynthetic pathway, designing and constraction of suitable constructs encoding ihprna was performed and transgenic lines containing silencing construct of f3´h and simultaneous silencing construct of f3´5´h and f3´h were created. for this purpose, fragments were selected from both genes and i...

Infection structures were observed at the penetration sites on the leaves of cucumber plants inoculated with Colletotrichum orbiculare using a fluorescence microscope. The cucumber plants were previously drenched with suspension of bacterial strains Pseudomonas putida or Micrococcus luteus. The plants pre-inoculated with both bacterial strains were resistant against anthracnose after inoculatio...

Background: Pyelonephritis can lead to renal scar. Objective: To evaluate the effects of betamethasone in preventing renal scarring in rat model of pyelonephritis. Methods: Sixty three female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups. Group A was the control. Mannose-sensitive E coli was directly inoculated into the left kidney exposed under general anesthesia in groups C–G. Group B re...

the cultivars green mignonette and all year which are resistant and susceptible to fusarium wilt, respectively were studied for histopathological aspect during the development of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucum. 15 days - old seedling was inoculated by root dip method in spore suspension of the pathogen with concentration about 5 x 106 spores/ml. sampling was carried out at different times (...

Among 28 isolates of Beauveria bassiana tested for virulence against F. occidentalis in laboratory bioassays, we found strain SZ-26 as the most potent, causing 96% mortality in adults at 1×10(7) mL(-1)conidia after 4 days. The effect of the strain SZ-26 on survival, longevity and fecundity of the predatory mite Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) barkeri Hughes were studied under laboratory conditions. The...

background: pyelonephritis can lead to renal scar.   objective : to evaluate the effects of betamethasone in preventing renal scarring in rat model of pyelonephritis.   methods : sixty three female sprague-dawley rats were divided into seven groups. group a was the control. mannose-sensitive e coli was directly inoculated into the left kidney exposed under general anesthesia in groups c–g. grou...

abstractbackground and objectives: the cultivated tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) is a tropical and annual plant, consisting of a number of species or hybrids belonging to the solanaceae family. bio-chemical reaction to viral infection is different for various plants .one of the most important defensive mechanisms of the host plant against pathogen agents, is biochemical defense and their related c...

in this study, isolate sr99-ua (race 70e 128) of wheat stripe rust (puccinia striiformis west. f. sp. tritici eriks) was used to infect susceptible spring wheat (cultivar thatcher) and its near isogenic line possessing yr-18 adult-plant resistance gene. samples were taken at the flag leaf stage and observed using light, transmission and scanning electron micro-scopes. no major differences in th...