this article investigates and analyses philosophical and theological foundations of social management in view of islam. in view of islam and reason, human being is social and only he attains to happiness and perfection in society. in every society, including islamic one, decomposes without of government. every government depends on two chief bases: law and management. in view of rational and re...

This treatment of the perfections of God in the theology of Karl Barth serves as an introduction and summary of Barth’s thinking on this topic as found in Church Dogmatics II.1. The focus of the article is weighted to the formal side of Barth’s construction while not ignoring material considerations. As such, the author considers Barth’s understanding of God as the One who loves in freedom, gen...

Formal clinical ethics review first developed in the USA and most hospitals there have structures in place. This is often a clinical ethics committee. Developments have been slower in the UK, where there has been uncertainty and variability about the role of clinical ethics committees. Even in the USA, their exact role is uncertain. Although we now have a good idea of the mechanisms for ethical...

Research ethics review is an important process, designed to protect participants in medical research. However, it is increasingly criticised for failing to meet its aims. Here, two researchers reflect on their experiences of applying for ethical approval of observational research in clinical settings. They highlight some problems faced by reviewers and researchers and propose a two-stage ethica...

When several decades ago the IRB system was established trying to balance major moral consideration in research with human subjects, the main impetus were severe cases of unethical behaviour and experiences, often protected by state and institutional administration. The first phase of the IRB aimed at protecting subjects from serious hazards, while in later stages the IRB turned to „lesser risk...

Local review of research by ethics committees in the UK has long been held to be an important right of the local research ethics committee and, even with the introduction of the European Clinical Trials Directive, the governance arrangements for research ethics committees continue to allow for local review of multicentre studies. There is no requirement for local review in either the European U...

Article history: Received: 18-06-2015 Revised: 24-09-2015 Accepted: 11-11-2015