in this paper, a higher order continuum model is presented based on the cosserat continuum theory in 3d numerical simulation of shear band localization. as the classical continuum models suffer from the pathological mesh-dependence in strain softening models, the governing equations are regularized by adding the rotational degrees-of-freedom to conventional degrees-of-freedom. the fundamental r...

Having knowledge of stability of an underground space depends on stresses and strains around it. Creating underground tunnels leads to significant changes in the rock mass stress. Therefore, to achieve the necessary stability, stresses and deformations around the tunnel must be examined carefully. Usually, stress-strain behavior analysis is conducted in two-dimensional mode. This paper was cond...

Background 3D cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) directly encodes tissue displacement into MR phase data, providing a comprehensive 3D view of cardiac motion and strain. Unfortunately, 3D cine DENSE motion analysis presently requires manually delineated anatomy. An automated analysis would reduce interobserver variability, improve measurement throughput, and simplify data...

BACKGROUND Accurate breast volume assessment is a prerequisite to preoperative planning, as well as intraoperative decision making in breast reconstruction surgery. The use of three-dimensional surface imaging (3D scanning) to assess breast volume has many advantages. However, before employing 3D scanning in the field, the tool's validity should be demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to...

Introduction: Quantitative functional cardiac imaging can be used to characterize healthy and diseased myocardial tissues. Imaging protocols that measure 3D motion of the heart can lead to more accurate characterization than 2D approaches. However, 3D protocols are often too time-consuming for clinical feasibility. zHARP is a fast imaging technique that can quantify 3D myocardial motion from a ...

MRI tissue tagging[1] of the heart produces noninvasive markers within the muscle wall that can be used to measure motion and deformation (Fig. 1a). However, the widespread use of tissue tagging has been limited by time-consuming image post-processing. This paper outlines a method for automatic 3D tracking of LV motion from 2D MRI images acquired from multiple views. Since the tags form a repet...

This study investigates the use of a mechanically-swept 3D ultrasound (3D-US) probe for soft-tissue displacement monitoring during prostate irradiation, with emphasis on quantifying the accuracy relative to CyberKnife® x-ray fiducial tracking. An US phantom, implanted with x-ray fiducial markers was placed on a motion platform and translated in 3D using five real prostate motion traces acquired...