Urea is the most commonly used nitrogen fertilizer worldwide. The overused urea in agricultural fields may affect the soil organisms especially, the earthworms which are known well for their role in soil fertility. Earthworms are typically inferred as soil indicators without which soil fertility cannot be measured directly. An acute toxicity test of urea to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was perfor...

determining the best mixture of sorghum and fenugreek intercropping defines the best forage quality in medicinal forage production. this project was conducted to evaluate the effect of biological, chemical and integrated fertilizing systems on forage quantity and quality in sorghum and fenugreek intercropping. the experimental treatments were arranged as split plots based on randomized block de...

organic fertilizers such as vermicompost (vc) are an undeniable source of required nutrients of plants. this field experiment performed as split plot arrangement based a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2008. the main factors (vermicompost treatments) added to soil at six levels including 20 and 40 ton.ha-1, 20 and 40 ton.ha-1 plus (1/2) chemical fertilizer, chemical ...

in order to investigate the effects of applying three and five continuous periods of municipal solid waste (msw) with and without npk chemical fertilizer on the amount of micronutrient uptake by different parts of wheat, a pot experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009. the main plot was a six-fertilizers level including contr...

in order to investigate the effects of municipal waste compost and benefit fungi of trichoderma species on seedling emergence parameters, growth and some micronutrients uptake of garden cress a pot experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. treatments consisted of three levels of municipal waste compost (15, 30, 45 mg ha-1 ...

review and goals: the ajowan(carum copticum) is a medicinal plants from apiaceae family that seeds contains 2-4% of volatile oil. 9-17 of chemical composition of ajowan essential oil have been reported(2), it have antibacterial and antioxidant activity of it caused to preserve the food materials(1). the application of chemical fertilizer leads to environmental pollution and ecological disaster ...

Rainfall is a driving force for the transport of environmental contaminants from agricultural soils to surficial water bodies via surface runoff. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of antecedent soil moisture content on the fate and transport of surface applied commercial urea, a common form of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, following a rainfall event that occurs within 24 hr...