the aim of this study was to examine physiological load imposed on iranian elite soccer referees during actual match play in the 2007-2008 season. ten male elite soccer referees (age: 36.23±2.24 years, height: 180.1±4.48 cm, body mass: 78.18±8.4 kg, fat mass: 19.38±3.3 percent bmi: 23.98±1.53 kg.m-2) participated in the study. heart rate data were collected during match using the suunto t6 devi...

attention to the physical and physiological needs of a soccer referee plays an important role in his performance in a match as in order to regulate the rules of the game, the referee should track the event and players by moving inside the pitch continually with no restriction. the aim of this research was to study the variations in workload, heart rate and blood lactate in elite soccer referees...

This study examines the reasons for officiating soccer among Norwegian elite and non-elite referees. Eighty-three elite referees and 44 non-elite referees completed a web-based questionnaire (SurveyXact) that solicited their three main reasons for officiating soccer. The data were obtained by bracketing, intuiting, and describing their different reasons. Three main categories of descriptions em...

results among 78 participants (including 32 center and 46 side referees), mean and standard deviation of age, body mass index, percent of body fat, vo2max and performance scores were 37 ± 3.8, 23.6 ± 2.1, 20.7 ± 3.9, 59.9 ± 7.1 and 85.8 ± 0.25, respectively. no significant correlation between referees’ mean score and selected parameters were found. conclusions it seems that the acquired scores ...

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of preseason lower-extremity range of motion (ROM) on the risk of muscle strain injury during a competitive season for elite soccer players. Thirty-six elite male soccer players (age, 25.6 +/- 4.7 years) had maximum static ROM for 6 movements of the lower extremity measured prior to the 2003-2004 English Premier League season. Player age, ...

Due to the continual physical, physiological, and psychological demands of elite level soccer increasing the incidence and risk of injuries, preventative training programs have become a common feature of soccer players training schedule. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effectiveness of a structured injury prevention program on the number of muscle injuries and the total ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Small-Sided Games (SSG) vs. Interval Training (IT) in soccer training on aerobic fitness and physical enjoyment in youth elite soccer players during the last 8 weeks of the season. Seventeen U-16 male soccer players (age = 15.5 ± 0.6 years, and 8.5 years of experience) of a Spanish First Division club academy were randomized to 2 different...

The purpose of this study was to identify the existence of Relative Age Effect (RAE) at youth level in both elite and amateur Spanish soccer clubs, and also to carry out an analysis providing with information on how this effect has evolved in recent years. We have obtained information on the youth teams of the 20 clubs belonging to the Spanish Professional Football League (LFP) in two separate ...

Background: Little information is available on the results of microfracture in competitive football (soccer) players. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this technique to restore joint function to a level that allows return to this popular highimpact sport. Methods: This article provides an overview of the basic science and the current published scientific evidence for articular cartilage rep...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between popular endurance field tests and physical match performance in elite male youth soccer players. Eighteen young male soccer players (age 14.4 ± 0.1 years, height 1.67 ± 4.8 cm, body mass 53.6 ± 1.8 kg) were randomly chosen among a population of elite-level soccer players. Players were observed during international championship ga...