the sigatoka disease complex of banana involves three related ascomycetous fungi viz., mycosphaerella fijiensis, m. musicola, and m. eumusae. due to rather similar symptoms on banana, similar teleomorph morphology and problems associated with growth and sporulation in culture, species identification based on classical methods is troublesome. the exact distribution of these three species and the...

Three species of Mycosphaerella, namely M. eumusae, M. fijiensis, and M. musicola are involved in the Sigatoka disease complex of bananas. Besides these three primary pathogens, several additional species of Mycosphaerella or their anamorphs have been described from Musa. However, very little is known about these taxa, and for the majority of these species no culture or DNA is available for stu...

M. fijiensis M. eumusae ! " # $ . % $ & ' ( ) % * + , " / 0 1 2 3 45 56 " & / 7 8 9 : ' ; <= >= . ?" @ A B ' A C 2 1 $ ' ( " DE= < ! . ! % " 0$ M. fijiensis M. eumusae F " ' = G H6 ! ' I ? J F6 8 . 0$ ?" K <77 8 B L G G M N . O9 " P8 M 6 B ' Q ;G) ' ' R C 2 =E G ! 1 6 ( $...

Yellow and black Sigatoka, caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. musicola, respectively, are the most important worldwide foliar diseases of bananas. Disease control is heavily dependent on intensive fungicide sprays, which increase selection pressure for resistance in pathogen populations. The primary objective this study was to assess level spread quinone-outside inhibitors (QoI—strobilurin) ...

Cladosporium musae, a widespread leaf-spotting hyphomycete on Musa spp., is genetically and morphologically distinct from Cladosporium s. str. (Davidiella anamorphs, Mycosphaerellaceae, Dothideales). DNA sequence data derived from the ITS and LSU gene regions of C. musae isolates show that this species is part of a large group of hyphomycetes in the Chaetothyriales with dematiaceous blastoconid...

This study aimed at the development and validation of an accurate, more affordable, precise digital imaging resazurin-based fungicide sensitivity colorimetric assay (COL-assay) for fungal plant pathogens from genera Mycosphaerella Pyricularia. proposed was based on estimates resazurin reduction, which used as a metabolic indicator respiration activity microplate cultures. As model systems, we y...

In the present study, records on 22872 first-parity Holsteins collected from 131 herds by the Animal Breeding and Improvement Center of Iran from 1995 to 2014 were considered to estimate genetic and phenotypic relationships between calving difficulty (CD) and the lactation curve traits, including initial milk yield (Ap), ascending (Bp) and descending (Cp) slope of the lactation curves, peak mil...

Elastic nucleon-pion scattering amplitudes are computed using lattice QCD on a single ensemble of gauge field configurations with Nf=2+1 dynamical quark flavors and mπ=200MeV. The s-wave lengths both total isospins I=1/2 I=3/2 inferred from the finite-volume spectrum below inelastic threshold together p-wave containing Δ(1232) resonance. well-described by effective range expansion parameters co...