4-Hydroxybenzoate is a phenolic derivative of alkyl benzoates and is a widely used preservative in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The presence of 4-hydroxybenzoates in the human body may result from the use of pharmaceutical and personal care products. These compounds are also known to exhibit estrogenic and genotoxic activities. The potential adverse effects of these compounds include e...

Since the principle of competitive inhibition in chemotherapy was introduced by Woods (1940), several attempts have been made to prepare compounds with an inhibitory action against thyroxine. The first report of direct antagonism was that of Woolley (1946) who observed that a number of ethers of N-acetyldiiodotyrosine exhibited antithyroxine activity in amphibian metamorphosis. Harington (1948)...

A new synthesis of a-hydroxycarboxylates and 2-hydroxybenzoates based on the reaction of acetonides of a-hydroxycarboxylic acids and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid with sodium alkoxides in the corresponding alcohols as solvent is described. In general, decreasing the steric hindrance of the reactants and increasing the boiling points of alcohols increased the yiel...

a new synthesis of a-hydroxycarboxylates and 2-hydroxybenzoates based on the reaction of acetonides of a-hydroxycarboxylic acids and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid with sodium alkoxides in the corresponding alcohols as solvent is described. in general, decreasing the steric hindrance of the reactants and increasing the boiling points of alcohols increased the yields and decreased the required time for t...

Pseudomonas sp. strain AP-3 grows on benzoate, phydroxybenzoate, protocatechuate, and 2-aminophenol as sole carbon and energy source. This strain converted benzoate and p-hydroxybenzoate to catechol and protocatechuate respectively, which were metabolized via the ortho-cleavage pathway. The enzymes responsible for these reactions were shown to be inducible. In contrast, strain AP-3 constitutive...

The biodegradation of hydroxybenzoate isomers was investigated with samples obtained from two sites within a shallow anoxic aquifer. The metabolic fates of the substrates were compared in denitrifying, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic incubations. Under the latter two conditions, phenol was detected as a major intermediate of p-hydroxybenzoate, but no metabolites were initially found with m- ...

The structures of ferroverdins B and C, novel inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein, were elucidated by spectroscopic studies including various NMR measurements. They are the complex between one Fe2+ and three ligands, that is, two common p-vinylphenyl-3-nitroso-4-hydroxybenzoates and one hydroxy p-vinylphenyl-3-nitroso-4-hydroxybenzoate for ferroverdin B and one carboxylic acid p-vi...

The structure of the isolated milled "wood" lignin from coconut coir has been characterized using different analytical methods, including Py-GC/MS, 2D NMR, DFRC, and thioacidolysis. The analyses demonstrated that it is a p-hydroxyphenyl-guaiacyl-syringyl (H-G-S) lignin, with a predominance of G units (S/G ratio 0.23) and considerable amounts of associated p-hydroxybenzoates. Two-dimensional NMR...