background:breast cancer remains the most common and second lethal cancer in females. her-2/neu is one of the most important amplified oncogene in breast cancer. the amplification of her-2 is correlated with decreased survival, metastasis, and early recurrence.  the amplification of her-2/neu gene and synthesis of the protein are reported in 10%-34% of breast cancer cases associated with tumor ...

BACKGROUND The aim of the research was to estimate the frequency of the locoregional breast cancer recurrence appearance, the recurrence-free period continuance, and the 3- and 5-year survival depending on the scope of the surgical intervention, menstrual profile, and histological and molecular-biologic characteristics of the primary tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 218 patients with a breas...

Invasive lobular carcinoma is a distinct biological entity with several histologic variants the prognostic value of which is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progedterone receptors (PR) in subtypes of lobular breast carcinoma (classic and variant types) and to correlate them with clinical and tumor par...

A case of 52 years woman with a lump in her right breast. She was evaluated for surgery and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) was done. Grossing of specimen showed two tumors in retro areolar and lower outer quadrant respectively. Histopathology revealed neuroendocrine tumor of the breast. All eighteen lymph nodes showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical report showed cells wer...

The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) in Barbari bucks (fertile and non-fertile) identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the spleen by Trizol method. The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression pattern of E...

Background: Breast cancer is a systemic disease which has different biological subtypes with vast natural history, clinical presentation, various pathological types and molecular features impact on prognostic profile outcome. Present study aims to evaluate correlation of receptor status (ER, PR HER 2neu) other tumor characteristics.Methods: The present was prospective observational 50 breast pa...

micrornas constitute a group of small non-coding rnas that negatively regulate gene expression. aside from their contribution to biological and pathological pathways, altered expression of micrornas is reported in bio-fluid samples, such as serum. to employ serum's micrornas as potential biomarkers, it is crucial to develop an efficient method for microrna quantification, avoiding pre-analytica...

INTRODUCTION Breast cancer in young women (<50 years) has been associated with an increased risk of recurrence and decreased survival compared with patients older than 50. The objective of this analysis was to determine, from a large database of patients with early-stage breast cancer, if the Recurrence Score(®) result (Oncotype DX(®), Genomic Health, Inc, Redwood City, CA, USA) provided clinic...

Patients with impaired immunity are at particular risk of infections with Candida albicans. Antifungal drugs such as azoles commonly used for candidiasis treatment, but drug resistance is one of the most common problems for public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of lanosterol 14-demethylase (ERG11) gene for three-drug combinations in C. albicans. Disk diffusion and ...

Quantification of gene expression is important to confirm changes in levels of gene expression in disease. Prior quantification methods include standard curves, absolute quantification, and relative quantification. This paper describes an analytic method for the relative quantification of Presenilin-1 (PS-1) in neurons and Forkhead-box (FOX) p3 in PBMNCs using real-time PCR analytic techniques....