A total of 226 armed conflicts have been recorded for the period 1946–2002.1 During the period 1989–2002, there were 116 armed conflicts in 79 locations around the world (Table I). In 2002, there were 31 conflicts active in 24 places, both figures being lower than in 2001 (Gleditsch et al., 2002). The number of wars decreased significantly from 11 to 5 in 2002. This was due to the fact that the...

This article examines how accounting transparency and corporate governance interact. Firms with better governance are associated with higher abnormal returns, but even more so if they also have higher transparency. The effect is largely monotonic—it is small and insignificant for opaque firms and large and significant for transparent firms—and survives numerous robustness tests. We find support...

During the twentieth century, Norbert Freinkel studied hormones [2] and diabetes in the United States. Freinkel conducted many experiments that enabled him to determine the factors that influence hormones [2] of the thyroid gland and how those hormones [2] affect surrounding tissues. Furthermore, Freinkel studied gestational diabetes, which is diabetes that occurs for the first time during a wo...

Spending for health care in the United States grew to $604.1 billion in 1989, an increase of 11.1 percent from the 1988 level. Growth in national health expenditures has been edging upward since 1986, when the annual growth in the health care bill was 7.7 percent. Health care spending continues to command a larger and larger proportion of the resources of the Nation: In 1989, 11.6 percent of th...

Carbon nanoparticles were synthesized from natural gas soot and functionalized with ferrocenyl moieties by using 4-ferrocenylphenyldiazonium as the reactive precursor. The incorporation of the ferrocenyl units onto the carbon nanoparticle surface was confirmed by varied spectroscopic measurements. For instance, in FTIR measurements the characteristic vibrational bands of the ferrocenyl and phen...

Phenotypes produced by expression of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenes vary depending on the genetic background of the mouse. FVB/N mice overexpressing human APP695 develop a central nervous system disorder and die prematurely, precluding development of Ab peptide amyloid plaques. 129S6 mice are resistant to the lethal effects of APP overexpression, allowing sufficient levels of ...

Priscilla White studied the treatment of diabetes in mothers, pregnant women, and children during the twentieth century in the United States. White began working with children with Type 1 diabetes in 1924 at Elliott Proctor Joslin?s practice in Boston, Massachusetts. Type 1 diabetes is an incurable disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin. Insulin is a hormone [2] that allows th...

A volcano observatory that is monitoring an erupting volcano(es) needs as much relevant data as it can get in a timely manner. InSAR has, potentially, a major role to play in delivering information on ground deformation and topographic change that can feed into the crisis management process. The Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO) has been observing the ongoing eruption of the Soufriere Hills ...