In this study, the performance of the algorithms of whale, Differential evolutionary, crow search, and Gray Wolf optimization were evaluated to operate the Golestan Dam reservoir with the objective function of meeting downstream water needs. Also, after defining the objective function and its constraints, the convergence degree of the algorithms was compared with each other and with the absolut...

Introduction: In Iran, 95% of animal bites are attributed to domestic dogs and cats, while one-third of rabies victims are from wildlife. The wolf is one of the primary vectors of wildlife in the country. This study was aimed to assess the impact of wildlife on rabies transmission and to evaluate the efficacy of an oral rabies vaccine (ORV) in the gray wolf (Canis lupus pallipes). Methods: We s...

-   ahmadi, m., kaboli, m., imani harsini, j., khosravi sharifabadi, r., almasi, m., 2012. strategic management plan for wolf (canis lupus) in hamedan province: an approach to reducing human-wolf conflicts. journal of natural environment, iranian journal of natural resources. 65, 271–281. -   ballard, w.b., dau, j.r., 1983. characteristics of gray wolf, canis lupus, den and rendezvous sites in ...

a 3-year-old wild gray wolf was referred to the department of veterinary clinical sciences of shirazuniversity with a history of car accident. the radiographic examination showed supracondylar distal femoralfracture in right leg. the wolf was pre-medicated by acepromazine followed by induction of anesthesia usinga combination of diazepam and ketamine. anesthesia was maintained by halothane. the...

The recent discovery of a lineage of gray wolf in North-East Africa suggests the presence of a cryptic canid on the continent, the African wolf Canis lupus lupaster. We analyzed the mtDNA diversity (cytochrome b and control region) of a series of African Canis including wolf-like animals from North and West Africa. Our objectives were to assess the actual range of C. l. lupaster, to further est...

Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were once widespread throughout most of North America including the Pacific Northwest. Wolves were extirpated from the Pacific Northwest in the early 20 century and have been absent for over 60 years. The success of reintroduction efforts in Idaho and the greater Yellowstone area, however, has caused wolf populations in these regions to rise dramatically, giving way to...

The most widely accepted hypothesis of the origin of the dog, Canis familiaris, is that the dog is a domesticated gray wolf, Canis lupus. This paper reviews the evidence for this conclusion, finds many unanswered questions and conceptual gaps in the wolf origin hypothesis, and explores the alternative hypothesis that the most likely ancestor of the domestic dog was a medium-size, generalist can...

A modified variant of gray wolf optimization algorithm, namely, mean gray wolf optimization algorithm has been developed by modifying the position update (encircling behavior) equations of gray wolf optimization algorithm. The proposed variant has been tested on 23 standard benchmark well-known test functions (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-dimension multimodal), and the performance of modifie...