magnetic Electrons and a Classical Theory of Atomic Structure and Radiation," Mercury Press, Montreal. In the present note the classical views of Professor King are not adhered to. However, it may be that there is a connection between the two treatments. 1 Nature, February 20, 1926, p. 264. 2 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 12, 1926, pp. 80-85. Zs. Physik, 35, 1926, p. 618. 4 Nature, April 10, 1926. 5 Z...

On June 2, 2015, Irwin (Ernie) Rose died quietly in his sleep at age 88, after a long and fruitful lifetime of sleuthing for the secrets of life at the molecular level. Truly great scientists are much more than the sum of their publications and awards. This is especially true for Ernie who, when informed that he had been awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, wondered aloud whether he reall...

Hydraulic microelectrode advancermade by David Hubel. David Hubel was a giant in our field, yet he waswarm, friendly, and humble in person. He and Torsten Wiesel, following in the footsteps of their mentor Steve Kuffler, discovered fundamental principles of information processing in the brain and fundamental principles of how the brain wires itself up. I think many people in the field see David...

Camillo Golgi studied the central nervous system [2] during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Italy, and he developed a staining technique to visualize brain cells. Called the black reaction, Golgi's staining technique enabled him to see the cellular structure of brain cells, called neurons, with much greater precision. Golgi also used the black reaction to identify structure...

Evelyn’s problem is intermittent pain — her knee, in particular. Sometimes the pain is in her hip, but then it is much milder. “It’s not so bad that I would take anything for it, Doctor. I’d just like it diagnosed.” A little more history, a physical, and I realize that my 80-year-old patient has the hips and knees of someone decades younger. This is referred pain from her facet joints and lumba...

During the twentieth century, Norbert Freinkel studied hormones [2] and diabetes in the United States. Freinkel conducted many experiments that enabled him to determine the factors that influence hormones [2] of the thyroid gland and how those hormones [2] affect surrounding tissues. Furthermore, Freinkel studied gestational diabetes, which is diabetes that occurs for the first time during a wo...

In 1926, Mally proposed the first formal deontic system. As Mally and others soon realized, this system had some rather strange consequences. We show that the strangeness of Mally’s system is not so much due to Mally’s informal deontic principles as to the fact that he formalized those principles in terms of the propositional calculus. If they are formalized in terms of relevant logic rather th...

Jerold Lucey studied newborn infants in the United States in the twentieth century. In the 1960s and 1970s, Lucey studied phototherapy as a treatment for jaundice [2], a condition in infants whose livers cannot excrete broken down red blood cells, called bilirubin, into the bloodstream at a fast enough rate. In addition to his work in jaundice [2], Lucey was the editor in chief for the journal ...

Bernard Nathanson was an obstetrician and gynecologist in New York City, New York, who argued for, and later against, womens' rights to abortion [5]. Between 1970 and 1979, Nathanson oversaw at least 75,000 abortions, 5,000 of which he performed himself, earning him the nickname of abortion [5] king. However, his views regarding abortion [5] shifted in 1973, after he watched an abortion [5] usi...

Bicaudal-D (Bic-D), Egalitarian (Egl), microtubules and their motors form a transport machinery that localizes a remarkable diversity of mRNAs to specific cellular regions during oogenesis and embryogenesis. Bic-D family proteins also promote dynein-dependent transport of Golgi vesicles, lipid droplets, synaptic vesicles and nuclei. However, the transport of these different cargoes is still poo...