Several nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily members are known to be the molecular target of either the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) or ubiquitin-signaling pathways. However, little is currently known regarding how these two post-translational modifications interact to control NR biology. We show that SUMO and ubiquitin circuitry coordinately modifies the pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2...

Copyright © 2007 Massachusetts Medical Society. Medical progress has altered the course and thus the definition of uremia, which once encompassed all the signs and symptoms of advanced kidney failure. Hypertension due to volume overload, hypocalcemic tetany, and anemia due to erythropoietin deficiency were once considered signs of uremia but were removed from this category as their causes were ...

NGC 1316 (Fornax A) is a radio galaxy with prototypical double lobes, where the magnetic field intensity is accurately measured via the inverse-Compton technique. The radio-emitting electrons in the lobes are inferred to have a synchrotron life time of ∼ 0.1 Gyr. Considering the lobe energetics, we estimate the past nuclear X-ray luminosity of NGC 1316 to be at least ∼ 4 × 10 W (4 × 10 erg s). ...

We present and interpret observations of atomic and molecular gas toward the southern elliptical galaxy NGC 1316 (Fornax A), a strong double-lobe radio source with a disturbed optical morphology that includes numerous shells and loops. The CO(1–0), CO(2–1), and Hi observations were made with SEST and the VLA. CO emission corresponding to a total molecular hydrogen mass of ∼5×10 M⊙ was detected ...

A 1,000-Dalton tangential-flow ultrafiltration (TFUF) membrane was used to isolate dissolved organic matter (DOM) from several freshwater environments. The TFUF unit used in this study was able to completely retain a polystyrene sulfonate 1,800-Dalton standard. Unaltered and TFUF-fractionated DOM molecular weights were assayed by high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The weight-a...

We present a study of the kinematics of the outer regions of the early-type galaxy NGC 1316, based on radial velocity measurements of 43 planetary nebulae as well as deep integrated-light absorption line spectra. The smoothed velocity field of NGC 1316 indicates fast rotation at a distance of 16 kpc, possibly associated with an elongated feature orthogonal to the inner dust lanes. The mean squa...