Delamanid, a new anti-tuberculosis drug, is metabolized to M1, a unique metabolite formed by cleavage of the 6-nitro-2,3dihydroimidazo[2,1-b] oxazole moiety, in plasma albumin in vitro. The metabolic activities in dogs and humans are higher than those in rodents. In this study, we characterized the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of delamanid in animals and humans. Eight metabolites (M1–M8) pro...

Several nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily members are known to be the molecular target of either the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) or ubiquitin-signaling pathways. However, little is currently known regarding how these two post-translational modifications interact to control NR biology. We show that SUMO and ubiquitin circuitry coordinately modifies the pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2...

Medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived GABAergic cortical interneurons (cINs) consist of multiple subtypes that are involved in many cortical functions. They also have a remarkable capacity to migrate, survive and integrate into cortical circuitry after transplantation into postnatal cortex. These features have engendered considerable interest in generating distinct subgroups of interneurons ...

Copyright © 2007 Massachusetts Medical Society. Medical progress has altered the course and thus the definition of uremia, which once encompassed all the signs and symptoms of advanced kidney failure. Hypertension due to volume overload, hypocalcemic tetany, and anemia due to erythropoietin deficiency were once considered signs of uremia but were removed from this category as their causes were ...

The responses of coral reef flat microphytobenthos to short-term exposure to elevated levels of inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were investigated in 1994 and 1995. Sand samples collected from the reef flat were maintained over 7 d in triplicate cultures with N-enriched (100 mM NO3), P-enriched (10 mM PO4), and ambient seawater. A fourth experiment used a treatment of combined N and P ...