Contrast detection thresholds for a central Gabor patch (target) can be modulated by the presence of co-oriented and collinear high contrast Gabors flankers. In foveal vision collinear facilitation can be observed for target-to-flankers relative distances beyond two times the wavelength (λ) of the Gabor's carrier, while for shorter relative distances (<2λ) there is suppression. These modulatory...

It has been conjectured that the statistical properties of zeros of the Riemann zeta function near z = 1/2 + iE tend, as E → ∞, to the distribution of eigenvalues of large random matrices from the Unitary Ensemble. At finite E numerical results show that the nearest-neighbour spacing distribution presents deviations with respect to the conjectured asymptotic form. We give here arguments indicat...

The generation of vortices for the flow past a flat plate is calculated by the DSMC method. The new intermolecular collision scheme and the conventional one are compared with respect to their allowable cell dimension. In the condition of Re=50, when using the conventional scheme, the vortex behind an inclined flat plate becomes weak with increasing the cell dimension beyond the mean free path, ...

The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix1), 2) parametrizes the couplings between flavors of quarks under the weak interactions. Quarks are believed to be permanently confined within hadrons, and the dynamics of quarks and gluons in hadrons is nonperturbative. Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the only general method for performing nonperturbative calculations in QCD, so it is not surpr...

Flat optics, which could planarize and miniaturize the traditional optical elements, possesses the features of extremely low profile and high integration for advanced manipulation of light. Here we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a planar metalens to realize an ultra-long focal length of ~240λ with a large depth of focus (DOF) of ~12λ, under the illumination of azimuthally polarized be...

The second order perturbations in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe filled with a perfect fluid are completely formulated in the gauge invariant manner without any gauge fixing. All components of the Einstein equations are derived neglecting the first order vector and tensor modes. These equations imply that the tensor and the vector mode of the second order metric perturbations may be genera...

and Applied Analysis 3 The following sharp lower power mean bounds for 1/3 G a, b 2/3 H a, b , 2/3 G a, b 1/3 H a, b , and P a, b can be found in 4, 6 : 1 3 G a, b 2 3 H a, b > M−2/3 a, b , 2 3 G a, b 1 3 H a, b > M−1/3 a, b , P a, b > Mlog 2/ logπ a, b 1.8 for all a, b > 0 with a/ b. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: for α ∈ 0, 1 , what are the greatest value p and the least...

In a recent paper, Nodland and Ralston [1] claim to find a systematic rotation of the plane of polarization of electromagnetic waves propagating over cosmological distances. Their claimed effect is large, requiring the plane of polarization from high redshift objects to be rotated by as much as 3.0 radians – an easily detectable signature. Here we report new optical data taken with the Keck Tel...

The polar perturbation is examined when the spacetime is expressed by a 4d metric induced from higher-dimensional Schwarzschild geometry. Since the spacetime background is not a vacuum solution of 4d Einstein equation, the various general principles are used to understand the behavior of the energymomentum tensor under the perturbation. It is found that although the general principles fix many ...

Feynman diagrams in the instanton background are used for the calculation of the tunneling amplitude, up to the two-loops order. Some mistakes made in the previous works are corrected. The same method is applied to the next-order corrections to the ground state wave function. A motion in the double-well potential is a classic example, displaying tunneling phenomena in their simplest form. its d...