This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-018-0064-3.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40900-017-0064-0.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13034-015-0064-5.].

A substantial public choice literature exists on the generic phenomenon of government failure in advanced western representative democracies. However, much less attention has been focussed on this question in the specific context of local governance, with the important exceptions of Bailey (1999) and Boyne (1998). In this paper we advance the argument that not only is government failure an esse...

In the Funding section, the grant number from the funder Yonsei University College of Medicine is listed incorrectly. The correct grant number is: 6-2008-0237. access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

1 Department of Information Science, Graduate School of Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan 2 Department of Electronic and Information System Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan 3 Graduate School of Mathematics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan 4 Protonic NanoMachine Pro...

Gabriel Pablo Nava1,3,∗, Yosuke Yasuda, Yoichi Sato and Shinichi Sakamoto 1Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba 4–6–1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153–8505, JAPAN. 2Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5–1–5, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277–8563, JAPAN. 3NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Co. Hikaridai 2–4, Seika-cho, Keihana Science City, Kyoto, ...