Sir, The recent article by Gosden et al. prompted me to reflect on the widespread use of disc diffusion methods for determining antibiotic susceptibility that ignore an important finding of the definitive studies of Cooper and Linton on the formation of inhibition zones. These investigators showed that, although the intrinsic susceptibility of a bacterial isolate, under the in-vitro conditions ...

Ageing is associated with a shift in normal patterns of DNA methyla-tion, including increased methylation of CpG islands. This may have significant effects on gene expression and could, in part, underlie the strong association between ageing and human disease. To study the extent and variability of age-associated methylation, we have studied peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA samples from 490...

An abnormal increase in osteoclast differentiation and activation results in various bone-resorptive diseases, including periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. Chemical compounds containing pyrimidine ring have been shown to regulate a variety of biological processes. Therefore, in order to identify an antiresorptive agent, we synthesized a series of pyrimidine ring-containing c...

BACKGROUND KM-023 is a new second-generation nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor that is under development for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. OBJECTIVE This study determined KM-023 tolerability and pharmacokinetic characteristics in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study...

To characterize the renal handling of CS-023 (RO4908463), a novel parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, and meropenem in humans, we examined their affinities as substrates to human renal transporters. In vitro studies on the uptake of [14C]CS-023 and [14C]meropenem were conducted using HEK293 cells expressing human organic anion transporters (hOAT) 1, hOAT3, hOAT4, and the human organic cation tran...

The solvation process of crystals is a complex parameter, especially for pharmaceuticals where the reproducible production consistent product paramount. novel carbapenem CS-023 with an ethanol/water system was challenging to determine. data were widely dispersed when ethanol/water-solvated washed crystallization solvent, requiring suitable washing and drying method be devised. To this end, indu...

To characterize thermotolerance-related genes in Agaricus bisporus strain 02, we employed differential display PCR (DD-PCR) to analyze total RNA samples extracted from the mycelia grown at different temperatures. Two partial DNA fragments (023-11A and 023-11B) were cloned thus far, the expression of which was correlated with the culturing temperature. The sequences of the two DNA fragments were...