BACKGROUND The authors describe the preclinical pharmacological properties of GAL-021, a novel peripheral chemoreceptor modulator. METHODS The ventilatory effects of GAL-021 were characterized using tracheal pneumotachometry (n = 4 to 6), plethysmography (n = 5 to 6), arterial blood gas analyses (n = 6 to 11), and nasal capnography (n = 3 to 4) in naive animals and those subjected to morphine...

GAL-021 and GAL-160 are alkylamino triazine analogues, which stimulate ventilation in rodents, non-human primates and (for GAL-021) in humans. To probe the site and mechanism of action of GAL-021 and GAL-160 we utilized spirometry in urethane anesthetized rats subjected to acute bilateral carotid sinus nerve transection (CSNTX) or sham surgery. In addition, using patch clamp electrophysiology w...

Qing Li 1,* , Xia Ji 1 and Steven Y. Liang 1,2 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; [email protected] 2 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +86-021-6779-2583; Fax: +86-021-6779...

Dioxins are a group of anthropogenic chemical compounds created as unintended by-products through a number of activities including: combustion, certain types of chemical manufacture, chlorine bleaching of pulp and paper, and other industrial processes. Dioxins are produced in very small quantities compared to other pollutants; however, because this family of compounds are thought to be highly t...

Ascent sequences were introduced by Bousquet-Mélou, Claesson, Dukes and Kitaev in their study of (2 + 2)-free posets. An ascent sequence of length n is a nonnegative integer sequence x = x1x2 . . . xn such that x1 = 0 and xi ≤ asc(x1x2 . . . xi−1) + 1 for all 1 < i ≤ n, where asc(x1x2 . . . xi−1) is the number of ascents in the sequence x1x2 . . . xi−1. We let An stand for the set of such seque...

Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is an efficient multilevel method for solving large sparse linear systems obtained from the discretisation of scalar elliptic partial differential equations. AMG can be used to compute powerful preconditioners for use with Krylov subspace methods. We report on the design and development of an efficient, robust and portable implementation of AMG that is available as pac...

A k-rainbow path in a graph with colored edges is a path of length k where each edge has a different color. In this note, we settle the problem of obtaining a constructive k-coloring of the edges of Kn in which one may find, between any pair of vertices, a large number of internally disjoint krainbow paths. In fact, our construction obtains the largest possible number of paths. This problem was...

A new approach to indexing a specialized database by utilizing the color and spatial domain knowledge available for the database is described. This approach is illustrated by using it to provide a solution to the problem of indexing images of flowers for searching a flower patents database by color. The flower region is isolated from the background by using an automatic iterative segmentation a...