The objective of this work was to evaluate the acute toxicity of formalin and histopathological effects on the Amazon ornamental fish, bluespotted coridora (Corydoras melanistius). A randomized design was used, with ten concentrations of formalin (40%) (0, 3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg.L(-1)) with four replicates and five fish per container (3L) in static system for 96 hours. The m...

ABSTRAK
 
 Penggunaan Boraks di Indonesia, seperti yang dinyatakan oleh surveilans Keamanan Pangan Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) RI tahun 2009 bahwa penggunaan bahan toksik Indonesia telah mencapai 8,80%. Pada Wilayah Tangerang juga ditemukan sebanyak 25 sampel bakso positif mengandung (25%) rata-rata kandungan boraksnya adalah 806,86 mg/kg.
 Untuk mengetahui Pengaruh ...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hyperalgesia and the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in acute and chronic nociceptive assays have been well established. However, the role of COX isoforms in LPS-induced hyperalgesia in the formalin test is not clear. Thus, the present study was undertaken to characterize the time course of formalin-induced nociceptive response in LPS-pretreated mice and t...

The emission of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) by rats submitted to the formalin test has not yet been demonstrated. We performed two experiments to establish the formalin concentration to induce USV and the relationship of USV emission with motor behaviors and the effects of morphine and naloxone on USV during the formalin test. Male Wistar rats were used. In Experiment 1, 3 different groups of...

An optimization problem for systems that are subject to perturbations where both state observations and control actions are impulsive is here addressed. The dynamics equation is given by a differential inclusion ( ) ( , ( )) x t F t x t ∈ and the optimal strategy is the minimizer of the worst viable perturbation process (minimax). Such formulation is appropriate when noise is barely known but l...

The aim of this work was to verify whether formalin would induce leukocyte recruitment following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in rats. Formalin (1.25 - 2.5%) induced cell recruitment, which was concentration- and time-dependent (0 - 24 h). Two peaks of leukocyte recruitment were observed. The first peak (from 2 to 4 h) was characterized by a mixed polymorphonuclear and lymphocyte cell popul...

INTRODUCTION The formalin test is the most accepted chemical test for evaluation of nociception. It requires the injection of an adequate amount of formalin into the surface of the hindpaw. Formalin test consists of phase 1 (0-7 min) and phase 2 (15-60) in which the animal shows painful behaviors. These phases are separated with a quiet phase named interphase, in which the nociceptive responses...