reviewing zoroastrian teachings and his religious beliefs reveals a chance to represent a type of ethical discourse in the majesty of kingdom. the starting point of such an ethical discourse can be traced back in theological beliefs and ethical wisdom of this first iranian theologian, so as in zoroastrian theological teachings a set of obligatory principles is provided to relatively organize po...

John Whitaker, BM, BCh, MRCP, William Rickaby, MBBS, Alistair Robson, FRCPath, DipRCPath, Farrah Bakr, MBBS, MRCP, Jonathan White, BSc (Hons), MRCP(UK), C. Aldo Rinaldi, FHRS From the Department of Cardiology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Department of Dermatopathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom, and St John’s Institute of De...

This study addresses the question of what basic principles and constraints govern blending while focusing on the description and analysis of phonological properties of Korean blends. Korean blending shows a systematic phonological word-formation process that usually preserves the prosodic structure of the head source word, while the initial part of the segmental sequence of the blend is from th...

The Correspondence model of base-reduplicant identity (McCarthy & Prince 1995, to appear) makes the prediction that any kind of segmental phonological process may result in any of these situations through ranking of phonological constraints with faithfulness constraints on the input and output and the basereduplicant relationship. Normal application arises when base-reduplicant faithfulness con...

It has been well argued that correlation does not imply causation. Is the converse true: does non-correlation imply non-causation, or more plainly, does causation imply correlation? Here we argue that this is a useful intuition of the semantic essence of the faithfulness assumption of causal graphs. Although the statement is intuitively reasonable, it is not categorically true (but it is true w...

This work is about two ‘generation problems’ for classic Optimality Theory, chain shifts and saltations. The issues OT posed by traditional analyses of saltations have led to various embellishments the theory, typically in form novel constraint types. Reiss (2021a,b) proposes a general solution problem that relies more directly on different assumptions representations than constraints. Specific...

Many algorithms for inferring causality rely heavily on the faithfulness assumption. The main justification for imposing this assumption is that the set of unfaithful distributions has Lebesgue measure zero, since it can be seen as a collection of hypersurfaces in a hypercube. However, due to sampling error the faithfulness condition alone is not sufficient for statistical estimation, and stron...

Most causal discovery algorithms in the literature exploit an assumption usually referred to as the Causal Faithfulness or Stability Condition. In this paper, we highlight two components of the condition used in constraint-based algorithms, which we call “Adjacency-Faithfulness” and “OrientationFaithfulness.” We point out that assuming Adjacency-Faithfulness is true, it is possible to test the ...