The biquaternion (complexified quaternion) algebra contains idempotents (elements whose square remains unchanged) and nilpotents (elements whose square vanishes). It also contains divisors of zero (elements with vanishing norm). The idempotents and nilpotents are subsets of the divisors of zero. These facts have been reported in the literature, but remain obscure through not being gathered toge...

We show that the spectral theorem – which we understand to be a statement every self-adjoint matrix admits certain type of canonical form under unitary similarity analogues over other ∗-algebras distinct from complex numbers. If these contain nilpotents, then it is shown there consistent way in many classic decompositions such as Singular Value Decomposition, Takagi decomposition, skew-Takagi a...

Noncommutative analogues of classical operations on symmetric functions are investigated, and applied to the description of idempotents and nilpotents in descent algebras. Its is shown that any sequence of Lie idempotents (one in each descent algebra) gives rise to a complete set of indecomposable orthogonal idempotents of each descent algebra, and various deformations of the classical sequence...

In this work, we present a new classification of nilpotent orbits in a real reductive Lie algebra g under the action of its adjoint group. Our classification generalizes the Bala-Carter classification of the nilpotent orbits of complex semisimple Lie algebras. Our theory takes full advantage of the work of Kostant and Rallis on pC , the “complex symmetric space associated with g”. The Kostant-S...