background: we sought to determine the frequency of the risk factors for congestive cardiac failure (ccf) in a tertiary care hospital in peshawar, pakistan. methods: this retrospective, observational study was conducted in the department of cardiology, postgraduate medical institute, lady reading hospital peshawar, from march 2005 to september 2007. relevant information regarding the risk facto...

ovarian hemangiomas are benign and rare tumors of female genital tract with less than 60 reported cases in the literature. a 38- yr- old woman was admitted to be’sat hospital, tehran, iran in 2012, due to severe abdominal pain. ultrasound evaluation revealed a 6 cm left ovarian cystic mass and serum tumor markers were normal. then, left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed for the patient. micro...

panic attacks are discrete episodes of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating, trembling, derealization and a fear of losing control or dying. although panic attacks are required for a diagnosis of panic disorder, they also occur in association with a host of other disorders listed in the 5h version of the diagnostic and statistica...

background: sexually transmitted infections (stis) are among the most common causes of illness in the world and have far-reaching health, economic and social consequences for many countries. failure to diagnose and treat stis at an early stage may result in serious complications and sequels. objective: this study aimed to determine the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients w...

background: nodular hidradenoma or clear cell hidradenoma is a rare adnexal tumor arising from the eccrine glands. case report: a 60-year old female presented to the surgical out-patient clinic with complaints of breast lump of one year duration. fine needle aspirate (fna) of the lump yielded fluidly aspirate mixed with hemorrhage. on giemsa-stained smears, a possibility of benign cystic lesion...

stress-induced cardiomyopathy or takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a recently increasing diagnosed disease manifested by transient apical or mid left ventricular dilation and dysfunction. this sign is similar to acute myocardial infarction but without significant coronary artery stenosis. there are important and essential differences between takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction in...

speech delay with an unknown cause is a problem among children. this diagnosis is the last differential diagnosis after observing normal findings in routine hearing tests. the present study was undertaken to determine whether auditory brainstem responses to click stimuli are different between normally developing children and children suffering from delayed speech with unknown causes. in this cr...

the current study was performed with the aim of investigating the diagnostic utility of bender-gestalt test-ii (bdt-ii) in two groups of patients with major depression and brain-damage, and to compare them with normal individuals. this was a causal-comparative study. major depressive patients (n=30), brain-damaged patients (n=30) and normal subjects (n=30) were compared using bdt-ii in copying,...